Comparative study of acrylonitrile, 2-butenenitrile, 3-butenenitrile, and 2-methyl-2-propenenitrile electropolymerization on a nickel cathode

Electrolyte Formulations Based on Dinitrile Solvents for High Voltage Li-Ion Batteries

“…The C 1s contained several peaks ( Figure 13b); the carbon peak at 284 eV, and peaks at 288 eV and 289 eV that can be assigned to -ROCO 2 species agreeing with O 1s peaks at 531-532 eV. 4,24 A peak at 286.3 eV was assigned to the -CN group, along with the N 1s peak at 399.5 eV 25 but it was hard to specifically assign this peak since it can also be indicative of (CH 2 O) n or C-H species that could be present at the surface. The N 1s peak at 398 eV ( Figure 13)w a s tentatively assigned to a Mn-NC-R complex 26 that was formed when dinitriles were in contact with the electrode.…”

“…A stoichiometric amount of Li 2 CO 3 was added and mixed thoroughly with the obtained Ni 0. 25 Mn 0.75 CO 3 powder and calcined under flowing air at 600…”

“…Electrolyte solutions based on molecular solvents with the sulfone functional group, -SO 2 -, were reported by Xu and Angell 6 and Sun and Angell 7 to exhibit a large stability window reaching 5.8 V. Abouimrane et al 8 demonstrated that tetramethylsulfone (TMS) can be used with ethyl-methyl carbonate (EMC) as co-solvent and LiPF 6 as salt in Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 full cells and reported good capacity. Sulfones, however, are not stable against graphitic carbon anodes and have in general a relatively high melting point (25 • C for TMS) and viscosity, limiting their room temperature and high-rate battery performance. Room temperature ionic liquids have also been considered as a viable alternative due to their good anodic stability.…”

Molecule‐to‐Metal Bonds: Electrografting Polymers on Conducting Surfaces

“…[18] The spectral signature of the final grafted polymer film is very similar to that of the same polymer prepared in solution, [19][20][21] although some fine details of reticulation and tacticity may depend on the electrolysis protocol. [22][23][24][25][26] Although cleanness is obviously necessary to ensure reproducible results, the presence of a metal oxide layer does not preclude formation of an electrografted film, probably because the oxide is reduced or damaged during reductive electrolysis.…”

Integration of Electrografted Layers for the Metallization of Deep Through Silicon Vias

“…In this approach, eG occurs when vinylic monomers such as acrylonitrile (AN), methacrylonitrile (MAN), vinylpyridine (VP), and methyl methacrylate (MMA), all members of the family of electron-deficient alkenes, are submitted to reductive electrolysis, with a classical three-electrode setup in an anhydrous organic medium (Deniau et al, 1992a). Strictly anhydrous conditions are required here because the resulting radical-anion, together with the anions that allow the propagation of the growing grafted polymer chains, are highly sensitive to proton sources.…”