Comparative study of Annona senegalensis (Annonaceae) and Hallea ledermannii (Rubiacaceae) effects on glycemia in rats

Abstract

Aim: In order to promote African traditional pharmacopoeia, studies have been undertaken to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts of Annona senegalensis (Annonaceae) (EAAs) and Hallea ledermannii (Rubiaceae) (EAHl) in white rats of Wistar strain. Methods: A phytochemical screening and a toxicological study according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines 423 were carried out. Pharmacological effects on blood glucose were evaluated. The different treatments were performed orally. Results:The aqueous extracts of EAAs and EAHl, respectively, at the maximum doses of 3,000 and 5,000 mg/kg bw, did not cause death in rats. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, and quinonic compounds in both extracts. This study showed that in addition to the common compounds, the Annona senegalensis extract contained sterols, polyterpenes, catechic tannins, and alkaloids, while that of Hallea ledermannii showed the existence of saponosides. Annona senegalensis (100 mg/kg bw) and Hallea ledermannii (200 mg/kg bw), provoked more hypoglycemia, respectively, of 40% and 35.34% in rats. EAAS (27.78% vs. 25.41%) showed better anti-hyperglycemic effect in pretreated rats while EAHl (40.30% vs. 29.37%), provoked more anti-hyperglycemic activity in post-treated animals. Conclusion:The effects of EAAs and EAHI on blood glucose value may be related to the presence of chemical compounds such as flavonoids and saponosides highlighted in a phytochemical study. These compounds recall those of certain insulin-secreting agents and justify their use in traditional medicine. ARTICLE HISTORY

Phytochemical, acute and subacute toxicity studies of Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae) root wood extracts

“…No change was noted in bood glucose concentration. These results are similar to those of Nanti et al (2018) who noted that A. senegalensis root bark extract, at the oral single doses of 50, 200, and 300 mg/kg b.w., does not significantly alter blood glucose values 180 min after the treatement. However, it should be noted that the study design was different, the present study repeated administration in mice while that of Nanti et al (2018) was single-dose in rats.…”

“…Interestingly, the decrease in food intake is correlated with a reduction in weight gain upon exposure to aqueous extract of root wood of A. senegalensis. Such results was not observed by Nanti et al (2018) in rat. These authors showed that single oral doses of aqueous extract of A. senegalensis root barks (550, 1,750, and 3,000 mg/kg b.w.)…”

“…Indeed, Okhale et al (2016) reported the use of all parts of A. senegalensis for the treatment of different ailments including yellow fever, tuberculosis, small pox, snake bites, hernia, necrotizing venoms, erectile dysfunction, difficulty in swallowing, infectious diseases, gastritis, male sexual impotence, diabetes. These popular uses are consistent with the numerous pharmacological properties of the plant (Okhale et al, 2016;Ngbolua et al, 2017) including anticonvulsant (Konaté et al, 2012;Igwe and Nwobodo, 2014), antibacterial (Jada et al, 2014(Jada et al, , 2015, anthelminthique (Nguessan et al, 2017), antidrepanocytary (Mpiana et al, 2012), antiinflammatory (Yeo et al, 2011), antivenous (Adzu et al, 2005;Oladele et al, 2014;Emmanuel et al, 2014), antitripanosomal (Kabiru et al, 2010), and antihyperglycemic (Nanti et al, 2018) activities.…”

“…(Konaté et al, 2012) and oral single dose of 5000 mg/kg b.w. (Nanti et al, 2018) with root bark of the plant. In male mice, a mild decrease in food consumption was noted comparatively to control male mice.…”

“…Phytochemical screening of several organs of the plant revealed presence of numerous secondary metabolites as alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates and saponins in root (Igwe and Nwobodo, 2014;Ijaiya et al, 2014), sterols and/or triterpenes, anthocyanes, glucids, coumarins, flavonoids and alkaloids in root barks (Konaté et al, 2012), polyphenols, sterols and polyterpenes, flavonoids, quinonic compounds, alkaloids, and catechic tannins in leaves (Ijaiya et al, 2014;Nanti et al, 2018). Furthermore, extracts of several parts of the plant, with the exception of the root woods ones, have undergone toxicological investigations (Konaté et al, 2012;Okoye et al, 2012;Rukayyah and Onyinyechi, 2016;Nanti et al, 2018). Phytochemical and toxicological data on root wood are therefore very scarce.…”