Aim: In order to promote African traditional pharmacopoeia, studies have been undertaken to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts of Annona senegalensis (Annonaceae) (EAAs) and Hallea ledermannii (Rubiaceae) (EAHl) in white rats of Wistar strain. Methods: A phytochemical screening and a toxicological study according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines 423 were carried out. Pharmacological effects on blood glucose were evaluated. The different treatments were performed orally. Results:The aqueous extracts of EAAs and EAHl, respectively, at the maximum doses of 3,000 and 5,000 mg/kg bw, did not cause death in rats. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, and quinonic compounds in both extracts. This study showed that in addition to the common compounds, the Annona senegalensis extract contained sterols, polyterpenes, catechic tannins, and alkaloids, while that of Hallea ledermannii showed the existence of saponosides. Annona senegalensis (100 mg/kg bw) and Hallea ledermannii (200 mg/kg bw), provoked more hypoglycemia, respectively, of 40% and 35.34% in rats. EAAS (27.78% vs. 25.41%) showed better anti-hyperglycemic effect in pretreated rats while EAHl (40.30% vs. 29.37%), provoked more anti-hyperglycemic activity in post-treated animals. Conclusion:The effects of EAAs and EAHI on blood glucose value may be related to the presence of chemical compounds such as flavonoids and saponosides highlighted in a phytochemical study. These compounds recall those of certain insulin-secreting agents and justify their use in traditional medicine. ARTICLE HISTORY

Among the plants commonly used in the traditional African pharmacopoeia, Parkia biglobosa called ‘nere’ in the West African sub-region is one of the most common. We decided to determine the essential components of the aqueous extract of the bark trunk of the plant and to carry out an acute toxicity study. The phytochemical study of the trunk bark of this plant revealed the presence of sterols, polyterpenes, polyphenols, catechic tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponosides. At the concentration of 2 mg/ml or 40 mg/kg body weight (bw), all animals fully regained their motive power and balance after one hour and throughout the experiment, no animal die (0%) by intraperitoneal injection. At 10 mg/ml, equivalent to 192 mg/kg bw. AEPB became toxic. The doses of 192, 380 and 400 mg/kg bw gived respectively 20, 40 and 60% mortality. At 40 mg / ml equivalent to 851 mg/kg bw, all mice died, the LD100 was reached, with the 100% of death. AEPB is a moderately toxic plant whose use in pharmacopoeia must be controlled.

The present study is a contribution to the enhancement of Ivorian traditional medicine, by carrying out bio-tolerance tests of an aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Crotalaria retusa (EACr) in mice and rats according to the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and 407, respectively. The doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of body weight (BW) of the extract were used for acute toxicity. For subacute toxicity which lasted 28 days, doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg BW have been used. The administration of the single doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW of EACr did not provoke death in female mice in the acute toxicity setting. For subacute toxicity in rats (male and female), the administration of repetitive doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg BW of EACr over a period of 28 days did not cause death in these animals. In females, these doses caused weight loss and a decrease in platelets. The extract reduced the activity of AST in both sexes of rats. The findings also showed that this extract would possess a nephroprotective property in male and female rats. Keywords: Crotalaria retusa, Acute and subacute toxicities, Wistar rat, Swiss mice

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that has posed a public health problem for a long time and whose medical treatment is lifelong and expensive. Thus, populations have the alternative treatment of using medicinal plants. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the aqueous extract of the trunk bark of Sclerocarya birrea (EAqScB) and its cyclohexane fraction (F4) in order to justify its traditional use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The study was done on rats induced type 2 diabetic by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). These animals are administered a daily dose of EAqScB and F4 for 28 days.The rats blood sugar was measured regularly every 7 days. At the end of the experiment, the rats are fasted and anesthetized, then the blood of these animals is taken from the orbital sinus using a Pasteur pipette, in order to determine their hematological and serum parameters. EAqScB and F4 at the respective doses of 100 and 25 mg/kg B.W. induced a very significant decrease (p<0.01) in the hyperglycaemia induced by STZ. These extracts induced a significant drop (p<0.05) in blood platelets, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and glycated hemoglobin levels in treated diabetic rats. On the other hand, they increased the levels of HDL and hepatic glucose of these rats at the end of the treatment. These extracts regulate the levels of biochemical and serum parameters of diabetic rats compared to those of control rats.