Comparative Study of Crude and Wine-Processing Corni Fructus on Chemical Composition and Antidiabetic Effects

Abstract

Wine processing is a specialized technology which involves sautéing crude herbal medicine using Chinese rice wine. Herein, we identified the changes in chemical profiles and antidiabetic effects of Corni Fructus (CF) after wine processing in high-fat diet (HFD) streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic mice. A novel high-efficiency method for simultaneously quantifying gallic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, morroniside, loganin, sweroside, and cornuside by UPLC was developed, and validating crude and wine-processing CF was done for the first time. Mice were randomly divided into the following groups and orally given different solutions for 4 weeks: normal group (NC, 0.4% (w/v) CMC-Na), model group (DM, 0.4% (w/v) CMC-Na), crude CF group (CP, 3.87 g/kg), and wine-processing CF group (PP, 3.87 g/kg) followed by HFD and multiple subcutaneous injection of STZ (40 mg/kg) to induce the diabetes model except the NC group. Biochemical indexes (body weight, fasting blood glucose level, lipid level, insulin, and free fatty acid) and other parameters involving liver toxicity were measured with commercial kits and immunohistochemical method. Comparative studies on pharmacology showed that the crude extracts possess higher efficacy on hypoglycemia and hypolipidemia, while wine-processing products exhibit better effects on liver preservation. Our data suggested that wine processing was recommended when CF was used for protecting the liver; however, crude products should be used as antidiabetic drugs.

Cornuside Is a Potential Agent against Alzheimer’s Disease via Orchestration of Reactive Astrocytes

“…The chemical constituents of Corni Fructus include polysaccharides, iridoid glycosides, organic acids, tannins, esters, as well as aglycone [ 26 ]. The Crude Corni Fructus extract has been demonstrated to hold multiple pharmacological actions such as regulating immunity, anti-oxidation, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammation, anti-menopausal, neuroprotection, and bacteriostasis, which have thus been applied extensively in medicine and wellness product manufacturing [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Cornuside (7- O -Galloylsecologanol) is one of the major iridoid glycosides in Cornus officinalis (molecular structure is shown in Supplementary Figure S1 ).…”

Cornus iridoid glycoside alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by regulating NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways

“…et Zucc (family Cornaceae) is generally expended as a nutritional food in the form of drinks and wine. It has been demonstrated that Corni Fructus has anti-inflammatory, 10 antioxidative, 11 antidiabetic, 12 immune regulatory, 13 antiatherosclerotic, 14 and antimicrobial 15 activities. Cornus iridoid glycoside (CIG) is a bioactive extract isolated from Corni Fructus; its beneficial role in focal cerebral ischemia has been verified to be closely involved in anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities.…”

The Herb Pair Radix Rehmanniae and Cornus Officinalis Attenuated Testicular Damage in Mice With Diabetes Mellitus Through Butyric Acid/Glucagon-Like Peptide-1/Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Pathway Mediated by Gut Microbiota

“…; CO; family, Cornaceae) nourishes the liver and kidney and has a long history of treating diabetes. It is often prescribed in TCM prescriptions, such as Zan Yu Dan and Liuwei Dihuang Pill, treating spermatorrhea and reproductive disorders, respectively ( Park et al, 2015 ; Bi et al, 2019 ). Our previous studies have shown that Radix Rehmanniae and Cornus Officinalis (RR-CO) attenuated DM-induced testicular damage by regulating glucose metabolism, but the underlying mechanism needs to be further clarified.…”