Comparative study of pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of AISI 304 and AISI 316 stainless steels

Effects of Laser Offset and Hybrid Welding on Microstructure and IMC in Fe–Al Dissimilar Welding

“…This result may be due to the dissolution of soluble compounds and the consequent strengthening by solid solution. Figure 15 shows that an increase of hardness in the steel was due to grain refinement promoted during the welding process [43,44]. Microhardness was high in the fusion zone due to the finer grain size (Figure 16) The average size of the grains in the BM steel was 30 ± 5.7 μm, meanwhile in the FZ (at both the interface with steel HAZ and Al FZ) it was equal to 6 ± 1.2 μm.…”

“…This result may be due to the dissolution of soluble compounds and the consequent strengthening by solid solution. Figure 15 shows that an increase of hardness in the steel was due to grain refinement promoted during the welding process [43,44]. Figure 15 represents the microhardness at the half thickness of the cross section.…”

“…Microhardness was high in the fusion zone due to the finer grain size (Figure 16) The average size of the grains in the BM steel was 30 ± 5.7 μm, meanwhile in the FZ (at both the interface with steel HAZ and Al FZ) it was equal to 6 ± 1.2 μm. In the literature, there are several works on the laser welding steel/aluminum which showed an increased hardness due to the refinement of the grain size [44,45]. Microhardness was high in the fusion zone due to the finer grain size (Figure 16) The average size of the grains in the BM steel was 30 ± 5.7 µm, meanwhile in the FZ (at both the interface with steel HAZ and Al FZ) it was equal to 6 ± 1.2 µm.…”

Optimization of the pulse width and injection time in a double-pass laser amplifier

“…Moreover, millisecond laser pulses have been used extensively in laser machining, e.g., for cutting, welding, and drilling of machinery materials throughout the fields of automobile, shipbuilding, and aerospace industries, etc. [8][9][10].…”

Pulsed Laser Beam Welding of Pd43Cu27Ni10P20 Bulk Metallic Glass

“…This is particularly the case for joining methods where the joint region is melted, so the weld must be subsequently cooled fast enough to avoid crystallization 27 . Laser welding can reduce the possibility of crystallization 28–31 since it results in a deep and narrow weld region with higher cooling rates that can be achieved 32, 33 . Avoiding crystallization in a weld joint of BMG is in general difficult and has only been realized for a small number of BMG formers with high glass forming ability under highly optimized welding parameters 34, 35 .…”