Comparative Study of Risk Factors Among the Male and Female Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Admitted in CCU of Sahid Gangalal National Heart Centre

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONThe role of major cardiovascular risk factors in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) is well established.1 The "Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardioloogy" ² states that the major and independent risk factors for CAD are cigarette smoking of any amount, elevated blood pressure, elevated serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), diabetes mellitus, and advancing age. The quantitative relationship between these risk factors and CAD risk has been elucidated by the Framingham Heart Study³ and other studies.The role of major cardiovascular risk factors in the development of CAD is markedly more common in male than in female.4-6 Literature shows that CAD incidence is 3 times higher in male compared with female. 7 Reasons for the sex difference in CAD risk are not fully understood. In the Prospective Follow Up Study of 14786 Middle-Aged Men and Women in Finland conducted by Pekka Jousilahti et. AI, 7 about 45% of the excess CAD risk of men was associated with the sex differences in cardiovascular risk factors. The difference in the total cholesterol and HDL, and smoking rate, contributed markedly to the excess CAD risk of men. Thus, in our study, we aim to investigate the major risk factors in MI patients admitted in CCU and to compare whether the association of those risk factors with CAD risk is similar in male and female.

Difference in Profiles of Oxidative Stress Marker (MDA) in STEMI and NSTEMI

“…10 Roshan Raut (2017) stated that men suffer from AMI more than women because of risk factors associated with CAD are more common in men. 11 Of the various risk factors, smoking and dyslipidemia play the biggest role. These two risk factors are more common in men.…”