Comparative Study of the Effects of Fluconazole and Voriconazole on Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida rugosa Biofilms

Madhavan, Priya; Jamal, Farida; Pei, Chong Pei; Othman, Fauziah; Karunanidhi, Arunkumar; Ng, Kee Peng

doi:10.1007/s11046-018-0243-z

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Our results agree with a previous experimental murine infection by C. guilliermondii where voriconazole was reported to be experimentally effective (34). Previous studies also reported that C. parapsilosis exhibited good susceptibility to voriconazole in vitro (35,36). However, voriconazole failed to completely eradicate the infection in immunosuppressed mice in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Experimental murine model of intra-abdominal infections caused by some non-albicans <i>Candida</i> species

Elkady¹,

El-Kholy²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2019

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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Background: Even though intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) has been increasingly recognized, with associated high morbidity and mortality rates, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. This model aims to study the pathogenicity and invivo susceptibility of non-albicans Candida species associated with IAC in human in order to predict the frequency of infections, outcome of clinical disease and response to antifungal therapy. Methodology: Both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent female CD-1 mice were challenged intraperitoneally with 5 x 10 8 CFU/ml inoculum of five non-albicans Candida strains; Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida lipolytica, Candida tropicalis and Candida guilliermondii. Mice were closely observed for symptoms. Treated groups received voriconazole (40 mg/kg/day) or micafungin (10 mg/kg/day) 24 hours after infection depending on invitro susceptibility results. Survival rate, mean survival time and fungal tissue burdens were recorded for all groups. Results: All infected groups developed hepatosplenomegaly, peritonitis and multiple abscesses on intra-abdominal organs and mesenteries. C. glabrata and C. lipolytica represented the most and the least virulent strains respectively in terms of survival rate, mean survival time and fungal burden in both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent models. Following treatment, all immunocompetent animals survived the entire duration of experiments (0% mortality rate), while mortality rate was relatively high (20-60%) in immunosuppressed mice. Treatment failed to eradicate the infection in immunosuppressed mice despite significant decrease of the fungal burden and increase mean survival time. Conclusion: This study reports an increasing pathogenicity of non-albicans Candida species, with persistent infection among immunosuppressed animals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Experimental murine model of intra-abdominal infections caused by some non-albicans <i>Candida</i> species

Elkady¹,

El-Kholy²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2019

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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“…As far the antifungal susceptibility pro le of these yeasts the nding of high susceptibility for POS, VOR and ISA for all Candida spp. con rms the results of previous studies and suggests the usefulness of these drugs for treating tested these infections [44,45]. However, a low susceptibility for azoles and echinocandins were detected among non-albicans Candida spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Wild boar (Sus scrofa) as reservoir of zoonotic yeasts: bioindicator of environmental quality

Rhimi

Sgroi

Aneke

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Wildlife animals are recognized as reservoirs for zoonotic fungi and their faeces might play an important role in introducing pathogens into the environment. Thought wild boar (Sus scrofa) population has dramatically increased across Europe, information about their possible role in dissemination of zoonotic pathogenic yeasts in the environment is scant. Therefore, fecal samples (n=124) from wild boars from Campania region (Southern Italy) were collected and yeasts identified biochemically and molecularly by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and their phylogenetical relationship assessed. The antifungal susceptibility profiles of yeasts were also investigated using AFST-EUCAST method. Yeasts were isolated from 50.1% of the samples with the highest occurrence in samples from the province of Salerno (61.1%). A total of 368 Candida strains belonging to nine species were identified, with Candida albicans (45.7%), followed by Candida krusei (15.2 %), Candida slooffiae (9.8%) and Candida parapsilosis (7.6%) as the most prevalent identified species. Among C. albicans four sequence types (i.e., ST1-ST4) were identified with an intraspecific nucleotide difference up to 0.21%. The ML tree grouped all representative sequence types as paraphyletic clades with those of the references yeast species, respectively and supported by high bootstrap values. Fluconazole was the less active drug whereas, posaconazole, voriconazole, and isavuconazole the most active one. No resistance phenomena were observed for C. albicans and high MICs values for 5FC, azoles and echinocandines were registered in non-albicans Candida spp. This study showed, for the first time, the important role of wild boars in dissemination of pathogenic fungi in the environment. The absence of resistance phenomena in the Candida spp. might reflect environmental free from residues of azoles antifungals pollution or chemicals and suggests the role of wild boar as bio indicators of environment quality.

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“…Recently, Madhavan et al [55] published results showing that fluconazole and voriconazole change the shape of Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida rugosa cells. Among other changes, these compounds cause dimples on the cell surface.…”

Section: Ergosterol Depletion and Surfactin Treatment Cause Changes Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluconazole and Lipopeptide Surfactin Interplay During Candida albicans Plasma Membrane and Cell Wall Remodeling Increases Fungal Immune System Exposure

et al. 2020

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Recognizing the β-glucan component of the Candida albicans cell wall is a necessary step involved in host immune system recognition. Compounds that result in exposed β-glucan recognizable to the immune system could be valuable antifungal drugs. Antifungal development is especially important because fungi are becoming increasingly drug resistant. This study demonstrates that lipopeptide, surfactin, unmasks β-glucan when the C. albicans cells lack ergosterol. This observation also holds when ergosterol is depleted by fluconazole. Surfactin does not enhance the effects of local chitin accumulation in the presence of fluconazole. Expression of the CHS3 gene, encoding a gene product resulting in 80% of cellular chitin, is downregulated. C. albicans exposure to fluconazole changes the composition and structure of the fungal plasma membrane. At the same time, the fungal cell wall is altered and remodeled in a way that makes the fungi susceptible to surfactin. In silico studies show that surfactin can form a complex with β-glucan. Surfactin forms a less stable complex with chitin, which in combination with lowering chitin synthesis, could be a second anti-fungal mechanism of action of this lipopeptide.

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Comparative Study of the Effects of Fluconazole and Voriconazole on Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida rugosa Biofilms

Cited by 15 publications

References 54 publications

Experimental murine model of intra-abdominal infections caused by some non-albicans <i>Candida</i> species

Experimental murine model of intra-abdominal infections caused by some non-albicans <i>Candida</i> species

Wild boar (Sus scrofa) as reservoir of zoonotic yeasts: bioindicator of environmental quality

Fluconazole and Lipopeptide Surfactin Interplay During Candida albicans Plasma Membrane and Cell Wall Remodeling Increases Fungal Immune System Exposure

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