Comparative study of the efficacy of eprinomectin versus ivermectin, and field efficacy of eprinomectin only, for the treatment of chorioptic mange in alpacas

D'Alterio, Gian Lorenzo; Jackson, Anna; Knowles, Toby G; Foster, Aiden P

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.03.036

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…• In one study there was a good response (but not complete eradication of mites) to weekly topical application of an eprinomectin-based product at a dose of 500 micrograms/kg, for four treatments (D'Alterio et al 2005a). …”

Section: Treatment For Mitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin diseases of South American camelids

Foster

Jackson²,

D'Alterio³

2007

In Practice

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CAMELIDS, and alpacas in particular, are growing in popularity in the UK. These animals often present with skin disease and provide a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the veterinary clinician. While much has been made about the role of nutritional problems related to zinc, dermatological problems in these species are frequently associated with chronic infestation with Chorioptes mites. The use of macrocyclic lactones and other products may readily treat infestations with other ectoparasites, such as Psoroptes and Sarcoptes mites, but these agents may have to be administered repeatedly to reduce the population of Chorioptes mites. This article describes the most common ectoparasitic conditions seen in South American camelids in the UK as well as some less common problems associated with nutrition, infections, neoplasia and immune‐mediated disease, and discusses an approach to the diagnosis and management of skin disease in these species.

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Section: Treatment For Mitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin diseases of South American camelids

Foster

Jackson²,

D'Alterio³

2007

In Practice

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“…Chorioptic mange is difficult to eradicate from camelid herds. Parenteral ivermectin, a macrocylic lactone, has failed to eradicate infestation at dosages of 0.2 mg kg −1 subcutaneously every 10 days, administered two or three times, 2,3 and 0.4 mg kg −1 subcutaneously every 14 days, administered three times 4 . Compared to other ruminants, the reported pharmacokinetic profile of subcutaneously administered ivermectin in camelids is unfavourable.…”

Section: Chorioptes Sp Mite Counts and Lesion Scores Before And Aftementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eprinomectin, an avermectin B 1 derivative similar to ivermectin, has the additional advantage of a low milk partition coefficient, making it suitable for use in lactating dairy cattle 9 . In an uncontrolled field trial, D’Alterio reported that four weekly topical applications of eprinomectin (0.5 mg kg −1 ) significantly reduced mite numbers but failed to eradicate infestation in a closed alpaca herd 4 . Chorioptes sp.…”

Section: Chorioptes Sp Mite Counts and Lesion Scores Before And Aftementioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of topical eprinomectin in the treatment ofChorioptessp. infestation in alpacas and llamas

Plant

Kutzler

Cebra

2007

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…Eprinomectin has been previously evaluated as a topical treatment of chorioptic mange in alpacas, although pharmacokinetic analyses are currently lacking (D'Alterio et al ., ; Plant et al ., ). D'Alterio et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…D'Alterio et al . () showed that 4 weekly topical doses of eprinomectin at the dosage of 500 μg/kg of body weight proved effective at reducing the chorioptes mite burden in alpacas. In contrast, Plant et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of an extended‐release formulation of eprinomectin in healthy adult alpacas and its use in alpacas confirmed with mange

Pollock

Bedenice

Jennings

et al. 2016

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The study objective was to determine the pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of an extended-release 5% eprinomectin formulation (Longrange ) following subcutaneous (s.c.) injection in healthy (n = 6) and mange-infected (n = 4) adult alpacas. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze plasma samples obtained at regular intervals for 161 days following a single 5 mg/kg injection s.c. in healthy alpacas, and for 5 days following each dose (3 treatments, 2 months apart) in mange-affected animals. Skin scrapings and biopsies were performed pre- and post-treatment at two comparable sites in alpacas with mange. Four alpacas served as healthy controls. Eprinomectin plasma concentrations showed a biphasic peak (C -1: 5.72 ± 3.25 ng/mL; C -2: 6.06 ± 2.47 ng/mL) in all animals at 3.88 ± 5.16 days and 77 ± 12.52 days, respectively. Eprinomectin plasma concentrations remained above 1.27 ± 0.96 ng/mL for up to 120 days. Hematocrit (35.8 vs. 31.3%, P < 0.003) and albumin (3.5 vs. 2.8 g/dL P < 0.006) reduced significantly over 6 months in multidose animals, while fecal egg counts did not differ between groups. Self-limiting injection site reactions occurred in 9 of 10 animals. Pre- and post-treatment skin biopsies showed reduced hyperkeratosis, but increased fibrosis, with 1 of 4 alpacas remaining positive on skin scraping for mange. In conclusion, alpacas require a higher eprinomectin dose (5.0 mg/kg s.c.) than cattle, to reach comparable plasma concentrations.

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Comparative study of the efficacy of eprinomectin versus ivermectin, and field efficacy of eprinomectin only, for the treatment of chorioptic mange in alpacas

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Skin diseases of South American camelids

Skin diseases of South American camelids

Efficacy of topical eprinomectin in the treatment ofChorioptessp. infestation in alpacas and llamas

Pharmacokinetics of an extended‐release formulation of eprinomectin in healthy adult alpacas and its use in alpacas confirmed with mange

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