Comparative study of the glycosphingolipids of chicken bursa of Fabricius and of chicken, rat and human thymus

Narasimhan, R; Murray, Robert K.

doi:10.1042/bj1730475

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The occurrence of galabiosylceramide has been documented for embryonic muscle [I 41. and thymus and bursa Fabricii of young chicken [16]. Thus, the ability to synthesize gala-series glycolipids seems to be charactistic for chicken tissues and can be traced back to very early developmental stages, as our results suggest.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

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Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis in early chick embryos

Felding-Habermann

Jennemann

Schmitt

et al. 1986

European Journal of Biochemistry

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Early chick embryos at the age of 22 h (neurula stage) and 48 h (20-25 somite stage) were explanted from eggs and cultured in vitro in the presence of radioactive sugar precursors. Metabolically labelled glycosphingolipids were isolated. Amongst these, neutral and acidic components, the latter including sulfatide and gangliosides, were identified. Cleavage by exoglycosidases, as well as immunostaining with antibodies on thin-layer plates, showed that at both embryonic stages glycosphingolipids were synthesized that belong to the globo series (globoside, Forssman glycolipid), the lacto series (lactoneotetraosylceramide, nLc4Cer, and two nLc4Cer-based gangliosides, a monosialo and a disialo species), and the ganglio series (ganglioside G,,,1 a and higher sialylated derivatives).Glycosphingolipids, with their seemingly systematically structured carbohydrate moieties, typify in a very general and, as yet, a rather incompletely understood way, cells according to the animal species, cell type and the state of differentiation. During histogenetic and organogenetic differentiation processes, representative changes in the oligosaccharide part of these glycoconjugate structures can be observed [l, 21. Characteristic examples of such carbohydrate changes include (a) elongation and branching while retaining the same oligosaccharide series, (b) substitution with characteristic branching or terminal elements, such as fucose or neuraminic acid, and (c) alteration of the biosynthesis from one to another carbohydrate series. Because of such changes, it is frequently assumed that the specific glycolipid patterns that may be present on the plasma membrane are somehow involved in the growth regulation of cells and may possibly even participate in cell recognition and cell-to-cell interaction. In view of the great variety of ceramide-linked carbohydrate structures that are found in an adult organism, it must be at a certain stage of cell commitment, supposedly during early embryogenesis, that the nature of a cell's glycolipids is determined. In order possibly to define a terminus post quem of the biosynthesis of distinct glycosphingolipid series, a study was Abbreviations. CMH, ceramide monohexoside; CDH, ceramide dihexoside; CTH, ceramide trihexoside; CtetH, ceramide tetrahexoside; CpentH, ceramide pentahexoside. Gangliosides are designated according to their constituents by using short-hand notations as detailed earlier [24] [see also Eur. J. Biochem. 79, 11 -21 (1979)l: GgaI1 ; NeuAc-GalCer; GIJ, II'NeuAc-LacCer; G1..2, I13(NeuAc)2-LacCer; GLril, I13NeuAc-Gg3Cer; GJa, I13NeuAc-Gg,Cer; Gtet2a, tV3NeuAc-,t 13NeuAc-Gg,Cer; Gtet2b, II'(N~uAc)~-Gg,Cer; Gt,,3b, IV3NeuAc-,I13(NeuAc)2-Gg4Cer; HPTLC, highperformance thin-layer chromatography; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; TLC ; thin-layer chromatography.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Similar to other animal species, ganglioside Ggall in the chicken becomes a major constituent of brain myelin [23]. Ganglioside Gga11 was also found to be present in chicken thymus [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis in early chick embryos

Felding-Habermann

Jennemann

Schmitt

et al. 1986

European Journal of Biochemistry

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“…6 C). As rat lymphocytes have significant amounts of GMI (24) and toxin receptors (~40,000 per cell from Fig. 6A), the small effect on toxin action by exogenous GM 1 was not unexpected.…”

Section: Evidence For Functional Insertion Of Exogenous Gangliosides mentioning

confidence: 82%

Direct visualization of redistribution and capping of fluorescent gangliosides on lymphocytes.

Spiegel¹,

Kassis²,

Wilchek³

et al. 1984

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Fluorescent derivatives of gangliosides were prepared by oxidizing the sialyl residues to aldehydes and reacting them with fluorescent hydrazides. When rhodaminyl gangliosides were incubated with lymphocytes, the cells incorporated them in a time-and temperature-dependent manner. Initially, the gangliosides were evenly distributed on the cell surface but were redistributed into patches and caps by antirhodamine antibodies. When the cells were then stained with a second antibody or protein A labeled with fluorescein, the fluorescein stain revealed the coincident movement of both the gangliosides and the antirhodamine antibodies. When the cells were treated with both rhodamine and Lucifer yellow CH-labeled gangliosides, the antirhodamine antibodies induced patching and capping of both fluorescent gangliosides but had no effect on cells incubated only with Lucifer yellow CHlabeled gangliosides. In addition, capping was observed on cells exposed to cholera toxin, antitoxin antibodies, and rhodamine-labeled protein A, indirectly showing the redistribution of endogenous ganglioside GM1, the cholera toxin receptor. By incorporating Lucifer yellow CH-labeled GM1 into the cells and inducing capping as above, we were able to demonstrate directly the coordinate redistribution of the fluorescent GM1 and the toxin. When the lymphocytes were stained first with Lucifer yellow CH-labeled exogenous ganglioside GM3, which is not a toxin receptor, there was co-capping of endogenous GM1 (rhodamine) and exogenous GM3 (Lucifer yellow CH). These results suggest that gangliosides may self-associate in the plasma membrane which may explain the basis for ganglioside redistribution and capping.

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“…Using a monoclonal antibody specific to GM4, Ozawa et al reported that the expression of GM4 in chicken cerebellum was associated with astrocytes, and not with myelin (6). The occurrence of GM4 in extraneural tissues was first reported in chicken egg yolk (7) and chicken thymus (8). This ganglioside has also been detected in mouse erythrocytes (9,10), rat kidney (11), chicken embryonic liver (12), chicken liver (13), and frog liver (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

Association of GM4 Ganglioside with the Membrane Surrounding Lipid Droplets in Shark Liver

Sugiyama

Ariga

et al. 2002

Journal of Lipid Research

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By TLC, GM4 was found to be the major ganglioside in the liver of six shark species examined: Odontaspis taurus , Negaprion brevirostris , Sphyrna lewini , Mustelus griseus , Mustelus manazo , and Prionace glauca . A detailed analysis of the glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in the liver of O. taurus (sand tiger shark) showed that it contained approximately 110 nmol of lipid-bound sialic acid per gram of wet tissue, of which 80% was GM4. By extracting the liver of O. taurus with chloroform/methanol, followed by chromatographic separation of GSLs using DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Iatrobeads columns, we have isolated GM4 in pure form with a yield of approximately 5 mg per 100 g of wet tissue. The structures of both the sugar chain and the ceramide moiety of this GM4 were analyzed by chemical analysis, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. Similar to GM4 isolated from other sources, 92% of fatty acids in the ceramide of this GM4 were 2-hydroxylated. However, unlike the longchain bases found in other GSLs, the total long-chain bases in this GM4 were found to contain 43% octadecasphingenine and 50% nonadecasphingenine. Immunohistochemical analysis using a monoclonal antibody against GM4 revealed that the hepatocytes of both M. griseus (spotless smooth hound) and M. manazo (smooth hound) were filled with lipid droplets and GM4 was primarily associated with the membrane structure surrounding lipid

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Comparative study of the glycosphingolipids of chicken bursa of Fabricius and of chicken, rat and human thymus

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis in early chick embryos

Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis in early chick embryos

Direct visualization of redistribution and capping of fluorescent gangliosides on lymphocytes.

Association of GM4 Ganglioside with the Membrane Surrounding Lipid Droplets in Shark Liver

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