“…Before phytochemicals identification, the above-mentioned lotus seedpods extracts are usually purified by organic solvent ( n -BuOH or ethyl acetate) fractionation ( 8 , 35 , 39 – 44 ), column (silica gel column, AB-8 macroporous resin or S8 resin column) adsorption ( 14 , 35 , 39 , 40 , 42 – 47 ), and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography ( 35 , 40 , 46 , 47 ). The lotus seedpods extracts before and after purification can be identified by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) ( 34 , 35 , 46 ), nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (NMR) ( 34 , 35 , 47 , 48 ), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS-MS) ( 9 ), HPLC-diode array detector (DAD)-ESI-MS ( 8 ), HPLC-ESI-MS ( 14 , 49 ), LC-MS ( 38 , 44 ), HPLC-DAD ( 40 ), HPLC-DAD-MS ( 50 ), ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple-time of flight/MS (UPLC-TOF/MS) ( 45 , 51 ) and/or UPLC-quadrupole (Q) TOF-MS ( 41 ) methods. However, the analyses of phytochemicals might be limited by the capacity of the identification database, as above-mentioned detection methods depended deeply on standard secondary spectra database ( 41 ).…”