Comparative study of the use of natural and artificial coagulants for the treatment of sullage (domestic wastewater)

Ugwu, Samson Nnaemeka; Umuokoro, A.F.; Echiegu, Emmanuel Amagu; Ugwuishiwu, BO; Enweremadu, Christopher C.

doi:10.1080/23311916.2017.1365676

Cited by 53 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These metals are considered toxic if consumed as it is known to impair organ function as well as other biological functions [23]. An article even suggests the chemical coagulants do contribute to neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's [3].…”

Section: Jar Test For Colour Removal Comparison Between Natural and Chemical Coagulantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biodegradable sludge makes natural coagulant a more environmentally friendly alternative as it can be broken down by bacteria and fungus to produce biomass, water and carbon dioxide which are safer by products compared to heavy metals from sludge produced by use of chemical coagulant [24]. It is also not toxic as natural coagulant is made up of protein which makes it safer to aquatic life as well as human beings [3].…”

Section: Jar Test For Colour Removal Comparison Between Natural and Chemical Coagulantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since chemical sludge is toxic, it also negatively affects the health of aquatic life. There is also an article suggesting the contribution of chemical coagulants contribute to social issues as in neurological diseases such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease [3] when ingested by humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biodegradable sludge will not stay in the environment forever or a long time as it can degrade. As a result, biodegradable sludge is better for the environment compared to chemical coagulant [3]. Furthermore, biodegradable sludge produced from usage of natural coagulant is safe to aquatic live and human health as it is non-toxic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life Cycle Analysis for Hibiscus Sabdariffa Powder Manufactured by Freeze Drying for Wastewater Application

et al. 2021

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Synthetic coagulants currently used to treat dye wastewater in the water treatment industry has been found to produce large amounts of waste and is bad for the environment. The research then presents two different methods of preparing Hibiscus Sabdariffa as a natural coagulant which are direct method and freeze-drying method to possibly replace synthetic coagulant in treating dye wastewater. The two different methods of preparing natural coagulant Hibiscus Sabdariffa are compared in terms of protein retention and coagulation performance at removing dye from dye wastewater. This is to determine which method of preparation is better at preparing a Hibiscus Sabdariffa as a natural coagulant to be used in the water treatment industry. Three analysis are done to determine the optimum concentration of Hibiscus Sabdariffa powder and freeze-drying duration is based on (i) surface morphology, (ii) water solubility and (iii) water activity. Optimum concentration of Hibiscus Sabdariffa powder is 20wt% and 24-hour freeze-drying duration. Another analysis is done to compare protein retention of each methods of preparation using (iv) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy testing. Protein in Hibiscus Sabdariffa prepared using freeze drying is completely retained based on Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy results. Supporting data of protein retention properties of freeze drying is proven by water activity in Hibiscus Sabdariffa powder is at 0.478 and below the 0.6 threshold value. Water activity of 0.478 means that there is not enough water content in Hibiscus Sabdariffa powder for microorganisms to grow and degrade the protein. Optimum coagulant dosage and pH value that Hibiscus Sabdariffa prepared using the two different methods best works in is determined based on two experiments called (v) effects of coagulant dosage on dye removal percentage and (vi) effect of pH value of preparation methods on colour removal percentage. Coagulation performance of both preparation methods are also determined using experiment (v) and (vi). Hibiscus Sabdariffa prepared using freeze drying has better coagulation performance with higher colour removal percentage at lower required coagulant dosage and higher dye removal percentage at varied pH values compared to direct method. As a result, freeze drying is better in terms of coagulation performance compared to direct method at preparing natural coagulant Hibiscus Sabdariffa. Coagulation performance of natural and chemical coagulant is compared using (vii) jar test comparison between natural and chemical coagulant on colour removal. This is to determine if coagulation performance of natural coagulant is comparable to chemical coagulant. Coagulation performance of natural coagulant is only slightly lower than synthetic coagulant at colour removal percentage of 91.2% compared to 92.3%. This makes the coagulation performance of natural coagulant comparable to synthetic coagulant allowing it to be an alternative to synthetic coagulant based on coagulation performance. Therefore, Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) will then be conducted to compare the better method of preparation of natural coagulant which is freeze-drying of natural coagulant Hibiscus Sabdariffa to chemical coagulant alum. Life Cycle Analysis done is to determine, evaluate and compare natural against chemical coagulant based on 3 sustainability aspects economic, environment and social aspects. This is to determine the feasibility of natural coagulant Hibiscus Sabdariffa in the water treatment industry on whether it is a possible alternative or replacement to the currently used synthetic coagulant alum. Based on Life Cycle Analysis natural coagulant is the better alternative compared to chemical coagulant based on impact towards the environment and health and well-being of society. However, the implementation of natural coagulant in the water treatment industry is still not feasible as production cost of natural coagulant is 126.86 times more expensive compared to chemical coagulant. As a result, currently Hibiscus Sabdariffa as a natural coagulant is not able to replace synthetic coagulant alum in the water treatment industry.

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Section: Jar Test For Colour Removal Comparison Between Natural and Chemical Coagulantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Jar Test For Colour Removal Comparison Between Natural and Chemical Coagulantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Life Cycle Analysis for Hibiscus Sabdariffa Powder Manufactured by Freeze Drying for Wastewater Application

et al. 2021

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“…Despite the significant role of synthetic and chemical coagulants in water purification, they are associated with several neurotoxic and carcinogenic effects due to their leftover residuals in the treated water, such as aluminum [5]. Numerous reports have focused on developing eco-friendly and sustainable natural coagulants as a potential alternative to chemical coagulants in water purification [6][7][8]. Therefore, this research mainly focused on exploring the coagulation potential of the Moringa oleifera plant for water purification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study to Investigate the Potential of Combined Extract of Leaves and Seeds of Moringa oleifera in Groundwater Purification

Alam

Pandey²,

Khan³

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Several parts of the Moringa oleifera plant have revealed incredible potential for water quality improvement. However, the purification potential of a combined leaf and seed extract of Moringa oleifera plants remains unexplored. To the best of our knowledge, this research would be the first to work towards exploiting the combined potential of a leaf and seed extract of the Moringa oleifera plant in the process of water purification. In this study, we investigated the combined effectiveness of the leaf and seed extract in the purification of groundwater. The jar test method was used to analyze the effectiveness of Moringa plant extract (in combination) on different quality parameters of groundwater. Treatment with the combined plant extract (seed and leaf) resulted in significant improvement of various physicochemical (hardness, pH, turbidity, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), and metallic impurities) and biological parameters (E.coli count) over individual seed and leaf extracts in groundwater samples. Experimental findings have strongly shown the enhanced purification efficacy of the hexane extract of combined plant materials in comparison to the individual extracts, thereby providing us with a potent natural coagulant that could combat the side effects of chemical coagulants.

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Municipal Wastewater Treatment Using Moringa oleifera Seed and Press Cake Powder: A Comparative Analysis

Thanki

Padhiyar

Singh

et al. 2022

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Moringa oleifera (MO), also known as drumstick tree, has gained worldwide attention among researchers and policy makers, for showing its remarkable potential in environmental management. Recently, MO seed or press cake (a by‐product of oil extraction industry) powder has also emerged as an alternative and promising coagulant for environmental remediation. In this view, attempts have been made in this study to evaluate the efficacy of MO seed and press cake powder (MSP & PCP) for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Both MSP and PCP are characterized by using swelling ratio, scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The effect of various operational parameters such as coagulation–flocculation pH (2–10), coagulant dosage (0.1–1 g L−1), and sedimentation time (0–180 min), etc., is investigated to understand the potential of MSP and PCP. At optimized operational conditions, sedimentation kinetics is also performed suggesting that the treatment process is being governed by the second‐order kinetic model. The chemical and biological oxygen demand removals at optimized conditions are observed as follows: ≈38 and ≈73% for MSP and ≈47 and ≈85% for PCP. Overall, the results of the present study elucidated that PCP can be employed as a promising alternative of MSP for municipal wastewater with improved treatment efficiencies.

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Comparative study of the use of natural and artificial coagulants for the treatment of sullage (domestic wastewater)

Cited by 53 publications

References 16 publications

Life Cycle Analysis for Hibiscus Sabdariffa Powder Manufactured by Freeze Drying for Wastewater Application

Life Cycle Analysis for Hibiscus Sabdariffa Powder Manufactured by Freeze Drying for Wastewater Application

Study to Investigate the Potential of Combined Extract of Leaves and Seeds of Moringa oleifera in Groundwater Purification

Municipal Wastewater Treatment Using Moringa oleifera Seed and Press Cake Powder: A Comparative Analysis

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