Comparative Study of the Valence Electronic Excitations of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">N</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>by Inelastic X-Ray and Electron Scattering

Bradley, J. A.; Seidler, Gerald T.; Cooper, Glyn; Vos, Maarten; Hitchcock, Adam P.; Sorini, A. P.; Schlimmer, C.; Nagle, K. P.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.053202

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…will be discussed later. According to the work of Bradley et al [25], the much higher values of EELS data at high q 2 in Fig. 2(b) can be attributed to the intramolecular multiple scattering, i.e., the contributions from the high-order Born terms.…”

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confidence: 70%

“…In the conventional framework of Bethe-Inokuti theory, the FBA is adopted and the contribution from f B2 is neglected. However, the previous investigation [25] shows that the intramolecular multiple scattering, i.e., f B2 , has important contributions even for the high-energy electron impact. According to the work of Carvalho [22,24], f B2 can be written as…”

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confidence: 88%

“…However, no direct experimental evidence to verify such hypothesis existed until recently, so this old and * lfzhu@ustc.edu.cn. † yangke@sinap.ac.cn important problem is reinvestigated by a novel experimental technique-inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS) [5,6,25,26], which is a weak probe and free from the high-order Born term [27,28]. The results of Bradley et al [25] on nitrogen suggested that the high-order Born term, i.e., it is termed intramolecular multiple scattering in their work, has contributions to the DCS of high-energy electron impact at large scattering angles.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dynamic behavior of valence-shell excitations of atomic neon studied by high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering

Zhu

Yang

et al. 2012

Phys. Rev. A

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The high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering has been applied to study the excitation mechanism of atomic neon. The different electric multipolar transitions of neon, i.e., the electric monopolar, dipolar, and quadrupolar ones, were clearly resolved, and their squared form factors were determined. It is found that for the monopolar and quadrupolar transitions the present inelastic x-ray scattering results are in agreement with the ones measured by high-energy electron scattering, while for the dipolar transition large discrepancies between the results measured by these two methods were observed. Such phenomena are well elucidated with the aid of the second-order Born approximation: Born amplitude of a transition near zero momentum transfer is the key factor which determines the behavior of the intramolecular multiple scattering in the high-energy electron scattering. It is revealed that the intramolecular multiple scattering in high-energy electron scattering must be considered for the dipole-allowed transition, while it is negligible for the dipole-forbidden ones.

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confidence: 70%

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confidence: 88%

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confidence: 99%

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Dynamic behavior of valence-shell excitations of atomic neon studied by high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering

Zhu

Yang

et al. 2012

Phys. Rev. A

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“…More recently, this problem has attracted attention in the context of a large deviation observed between the intensity of the loss spectra of N 2 obtained by inelastic x-ray scattering and inelastic electron scattering [6]. In the first Born approximation, the x-ray and electron-scattering results should coincide (except for a normalization constant).…”

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confidence: 99%

Understanding energy loss in large-angle scattering of keV electrons from Ar and Ne

et al. 2011

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We present measurements of the spectra of electrons with energy between 0.6 and 2.25 keV elastically and inelastically scattered from Ar and Ne over large angles (from 3 • to 135 • ). The intensity of the first loss feature [np → (n + 1)s], relative to that of the elastic peak, was determined and compared with the results of relativistic distorted-wave calculations (for the energy loss part) and a relativistic optical potential method (for the elastic peak). Good agreement was found. The distorted-wave calculations are compared with first Born calculations. At small angles, both theories coincide and estimates of the optical oscillator strength are obtained. However, at large angles, the first Born approximation predicts negligible intensity, in strong contrast to the distorted-wave theory and the experimental data. The implications of these results for the interpretation of measurements of the generalized oscillator strength are discussed.

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“…With the dramatic development of third-generation synchrotron radiation and the crystal spectrometer, the brightness and the energy resolution of the x-ray-scattering technique have been greatly improved, which provides the possibility for high-precision measurements of the elastic differential cross section of x-ray scattering by atoms and molecules. Recently, the dynamic parameters of the valence shell excitations of some atoms and molecules have been measured by the x-ray-scattering technique with high-energy resolution in our group [8][9][10][11] and with moderateenergy resolution in Seidler's group [15,16], and some interesting excitation mechanisms have been revealed. In this Brief Report, we extend this experimental technique to study the elastic scattering of the x ray by a free molecule, and pure electronic structure information about the ground state is determined.…”

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Determination of the electronic structure of atoms and molecules in the ground state: Measurement of molecular hydrogen by high-resolution x-ray scattering

Liu

Mei

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. A

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The high-resolution x-ray-scattering technique is used to study the elastic scattering of atoms and molecules in the gas phase. The elastic squared form factor, which is the square of the Fourier transformation of the electron density distribution in position space and reveals the pure electronic structure of atoms and molecules in the ground state, of molecular hydrogen is measured at an incident photon energy of about 9889 eV and an energy resolution of about 70 meV. Although it is generally thought that the x-ray-scattering technique is identical to high-energy electron scattering, at least for elastic scattering these two techniques have an apparent difference, i.e., the pure electronic structure of a molecule in the ground state can be determined by x-ray scattering while it cannot be obtained by the high-energy electron impact method due to the interference between the scattering of separate nuclei and of the electrons in the target. The present experimental results match the theoretical calculations very well, which demonstrates that high-resolution x-ray scattering is a powerful tool to study the electronic structure of atoms and molecules in the ground state.

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Comparative Study of the Valence Electronic Excitations ofN2by Inelastic X-Ray and Electron Scattering

Cited by 41 publications

References 48 publications

Dynamic behavior of valence-shell excitations of atomic neon studied by high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering

Dynamic behavior of valence-shell excitations of atomic neon studied by high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering

Understanding energy loss in large-angle scattering of keV electrons from Ar and Ne

Determination of the electronic structure of atoms and molecules in the ground state: Measurement of molecular hydrogen by high-resolution x-ray scattering

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