Comparative study on lesions of reproductive disorders of cows and female dromedary camels slaughtered at Addis Ababa, Adama and Akaki abbatoirs with bacterial isolation and characterization

Abstract

Background Reproduction is a basic prerequisite to efficient livestock production. The reproductive performance depends upon the normal structure and functions of genital organs. Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted from November 2016 to May 2017 to identify and compare the frequency of reproductive organ pathological lesions and to isolates bacteria associated with uterine lesions in female dromedary camels and cows slaughtered at Addis Ababa and Adama municipal abattoirs and Akaki slaughter house. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect 280 reproductive tracts from cow and female dromedary camel. Following gross inspection tissue samples with lesion were collected for histopathological and bacteriological studies and were done according to standard protocols. Result Various pathological lesions with different degrees of severity were observed in 34.2% (n = 48) and 36.4% (n = 51) of dromedary camel and cow, respectively. Age, species and body conditions of animals were not statistically associated with most of disorders (P > 0.05). The lesions encountered in dromedary camels were 21.4%, 7.14%, 1.42%, 2.85% and 1.42% uterine, ovarian, oviductal, vaginal and cervical lesions, respectively. However, 16.4%, 14.2%, 3.57%, 1.42% and 1.42%, ovarian, uterine, oviductal, vaginal and cervical lesions were seen in examined cows, respectively. The result showed that the collected uterine tissue was positive for single and/or mixed bacterial infection. Bacterial isolated includes, Staphylococcus species 28.5%, Streptococci species 19.6%, Coynebacterium species 8.9%, Escherichia coli 26.78%, Salmonella species 10.7% and Klebsiella species 5.35% were isolated from cows uteri, while in the dromedary camels, Escherichia coli 35.5%, Staphylococcus species 26.6%, Streptococcus species 13.3%, Pseudomonas species 6.6%, Proteus species 4.4%, Salmonella species 8.8% and Klebsiella species 4.4%.were isolated. Histopathologically, endometrial glands degeneration, sloughing of epithelium, peri-glandular cuffing and infiltrations of inflammatory cell were some of characteristic changes observed in uterus. Conclusions Reproductive organ pathological lesions found to be an important problem in female dromedary camel and cow and it was observed that the bacteria isolated from camel’s uteri were similar to those in cows. The role of each reproductive lesions incriminated as causes of reproductive failures in this livestock species needs further investigation.

Reproductive Diseases and Disorders of Female Camels: An Assessment and Pathological and Bacteriological Study in Eastern Ethiopia

“…In agreement with this study, various pathological lesions such as endometritis, pyosalphix, uterine tumor, ovarian hypoplasia, salpingitis, paraovarian cyst, and endometrial congestion with different degrees of severity in reproductive organs of female camels were reported in previous studies [40,42,43]. According to the current study, occurrences and distribution of gross pathological lesions varied among reproductive organs of she-camels where significantly the highest proportion (41.2%; p � 0.00) was observed in the uterus followed by the ovary (35.3%).…”

“…ough it is difficult to determine the exact cause of ovarian follicular cysts, it can be realized that they develop when one or more follicles fail to ovulate and subsequently fail to regress maintaining growth and steroidogenesis [40,53,54]. In partial agreement to our study, in the work of Benaissa et al [43], ovarian cysts and paraovarian cysts were also reported in higher frequency in she-camels.…”

“…Oophoritis is an inflammatory condition of the ovary. In line with the report of Fathalla et al [56], oophoritis appreciated with a hyperemic and slightly swollen ovary was found in a very low frequency; however, Mahmoud et al [57] and Mandefro et al [40], totally did not report oophoritis from camels.…”

“…Uterine lesion including endometritis could be attributed to different factors such as repeated insults of the uterus due to improper mating practices [45], postpartum complications, and unsanitary gynecological manipulations [13,40]. e present inflammatory lesions in reproductive organs of female camels include endometritis, oophoritis, and salpingitis, in agreement with previous reports [40,43,48]. Acute endometritis was macroscopically observed in two uteri as enlarged in size; the mucosa was severely congested (reddish-brown), and in one case, it was severely reddish (supplementary figure 2021-3).…”

“…Other studies also reported that occurrence of follicular cysts is higher than that of luteal cysts because luteal cysts originate from luteinization of follicular cysts, which occurred as a result of transformation of the granulosa cells into lutein cells [50]. Moreover, they are often considered to be the later form of ovarian follicular cysts, and therefore, the causes pertaining to follicular cysts can also be considered the original causes of luteal cysts [40,53].…”