Comparative study on nutrient composition and growth of green and red sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka, 1867), under the same culture conditions

Proximate composition and nutritional quality of deep sea growth sea cucumbers (Stichopus japonicus) from different origins

“…Leucine was the most abundant EAA in Yantai and Qingdao sea cucumbers, followed by threonine and valine. Leucine was also reported to be the most abundant EAA in A. japonicas , P. californicus and shark ( M. mustelus ) . However, in sea cucumber of Dalian origin, threonine was the dominant EAA, followed by leucine, which was similar to the result observed by Wen et al except for B. argus .…”

“…In addition, C20:3 n ‐3 was not detected in Yantai and Qingdao sea cucumbers. The n ‐3/ n ‐6 ratios of all origins were between 0.95 and 1.24, which was lower than in A. japonicus and higher than in tropical species …”

“…The EAA content of sea cucumbers ranged from 120.30 to 158.30 g kg −1 , which was higher than that of A. japonicus , A. mauritiana , H. scarab , B. marmorata and H. leucospilota but close to that of S. herrmanni , T. anax , H. fuscogilva , H. fuscopunctata and A. caerulea . Leucine was the most abundant EAA in Yantai and Qingdao sea cucumbers, followed by threonine and valine.…”

“…Ten AAs, namely aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, lysine and arginine, were found to differ significantly (P < 0.05) among or between the origins. The TAA contents of sea cucumbers from Dalian, Yantai and Qingdao were 374.70, 460.20 and 456.20 g kg −1 respectively, which were higher than those of Apostichopus japonicus 39 and P. californicus 40 but lower than those of A. mauritiana, Holothuria scarab, Bohadschia marmorata and Holothuria leucospilota 41 and H. fuscogilva, H. fuscopunctata, A. mauritiana, A. caerulea and B. argus. 2 Of all the AAs, glutamic acid was dominant in sea cucumbers from Yantai and Qingdao, a finding similar to that for P. californicus, 40 Cucumaria frondosa, 42 shark (M. mustelus) 35 and hard clam (M. lusoria).…”

An artificial oyster-shell reef for the culture and stock enhancement of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus, in shallow seawater

“…Apostichopus japonicuss predominantly intake organic matter from sediments, including bacteria, protozoa, benthic diatoms, blue algae and organic debris of animals and plants, and are typical deposit feeders (Zhang, Sun & Wu 1995;Jiang, Dong, Gao, Wang & Tian 2013;Sun, Gao, Dong, Shin & Wang 2013;Yokoyama 2013). Numerous studies have also shown that the uneaten food and faeces of farmed species, and even their own faeces, are important food resources (Kang, Kwon & Kim 2003;Yang, Zhou, Zhang, Yuan, Li, Liu & Zhang 2006).…”