Comparative study on the physical entrapment of soy and mushroom proteins on the durability of bacterial cellulose bio‐leather

Abstract

This study aimed to develop eco-friendly bacterial cellulose (BC) bio-leather with improved durability using plant-based proteins, namely soy protein isolate (SPI) and mushroom protein (MP), which were physically entrapped inside the BC, respectively. The amounts of the plant-based proteins were determined by evaluating the tensile strength of BC bio-leather, and were found to be 20 wt% and 50 wt% of BC for SPI and MP, respectively. The enhanced properties of mechanical strength and durability of BC bio-leather were measured in terms of changes in water resistance, tensile strength, flexibility, crease recovery, and dimensional stability. The durability of BC was improved after the entrapment of proteins, and moreover, the durability of BC entrapped with plant-based proteins was further improved by the addition of glycerol. Especially, BC entrapped with MP and glycerol had better water resistance, tensile strength, flexibility, and crease recovery compared to cowhide leather. The chemical and physical structures of BC bio-leathers were studied using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses. From the results, it was confirmed that BC entrapped with MP and glycerol could be a suitable leather substitute.

Effect of processing temperatures on the thermal and mechanical properties of leather waste-ABS composites

“…24 Thus, epoxy-coating process could affect the interfacial properties of the leather fibres, stiffen the proteinous peptide chains as well as create a barrier that may require higher energy to disrupt. 25 Consequently, the thermal response of the CLW fibres became higher than the LW fibres.…”

Bacterial Cellulose Membrane Containing Epilobium angustifolium L. Extract as a Promising Material for the Topical Delivery of Antioxidants to the Skin

“…The cellulose produced by bacteria, including Komagataeibacter xylinus, seems to be a promising material [1,2]. Bacterial cellulose membrane (BC) is characterized by high purity (lack of lignin, hemicellulose, and pectin), high degree of polymerization, high porosity, beneficial mechanical properties, high crystallinity, good moldability, biocompatibility, good permeability, resistance to degradation, high water absorption capacity (more than 90% of its weight) and are environmentally friendly [3][4][5][6][7][8]. These properties, together with tensile strength, make these membranes applicable as a skin repair material [9] and in wound dressing [10,11].…”

SCOBY Cellulose Modified with Apple Powder—Biomaterial with Functional Characteristics

“…Entrapping appears to be uniform across the entire surface, resulting in a smooth tactile sensation. Such an effect was not observed in studies in which protein isolates were used for entrapment [ 15 ]. The formed soy protein isolate agglomerated on the surface and inside the bacterial cellulose.…”

“…The change in the material properties caused by introducing a modifier in situ is mostly driven by a change in the intrinsic biophysical properties. In turn, the incorporation of molecules into existing cellulose fibers results in a change in their properties by modifying the porosity and/or BC crystallinity [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The physical entrapment method can be employed to capture proteins directly inside BC without changing the BC’s shape.…”