Comparative study on the sensitivity of turions and active fronds of giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden) to heavy metal treatments

Oláh, Viktor; Hepp, Anna; Mészáros, Ilona

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.050

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Being the most primitive, S. polyrhiza, which has the smallest genome size in the family Lemnaceae, is the most frequently studied as an ideal system in biochemical research for bioremediation and carbon cycle ( Wang et al 2012( Wang et al , 2015Kuehdorf et al 2014;Tang et al 2014;Olah et al 2015;Xu et al 2015). doi: 10.17221/134/2015-CJGPB However, no information on a frond regeneration system is available in S. polyrhiza.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Callus induction and frond regeneration in Spirodela polyrhiza

Wang¹

2016

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wang Y. (2016): Callus induction and frond regeneration in Spirodela polyrhiza. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 52: 114-119.Spirodela polyrhiza belongs to the family Lemnaceae (duckweed), which is a group of small aquatic plants offering an attractive plant expression system for the production of recombinant protein. No frond regeneration protocol has been established in this species yet. An efficient protocol for plant regeneration through organogenesis has been developed in Spirodela polyrhiza for the first time. Calli were successfully induced from 92% of explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 10 μM naphthaleneacetic acid, 2 μM thidiazuron, 1μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 3% sucrose. MS medium containing 1% (m/v) sorbitol and 1 µM 2,4-D supported long lasting growth (at least 5 months) of 98% of calli. Plants regenerated from 92% of calli on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium with 10 μM zeatin and 1% (m/v) sucrose. The protocol for frond regeneration could be a good basis for transgenic engineering of S. polyrhiza.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Callus induction and frond regeneration in Spirodela polyrhiza

Wang¹

2016

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This study was motivated by the lack of understanding of sources that generate diverse dormancy behaviour in clonal offspring and to improve the understanding of the joint expression of phenotypic plasticity and bet hedging. Previous research studies have analyzed the effect of metal stressors on S. polyrhiza growth (Olah et al, 2014;Olah et al, 2015), uptake capabilities (Zhang et al, 2009), and cues that induce turion formation including nutrient levels and temperature (Appenroth et al, 1989, Appenroth and Nickel 2010, Gerard and Triest 2014, but not what causes behavioral variation within genetically identical fronds. Although this study's focus was on turion production, and thus environmental variation in the current season, the full consequences of variation in turion production include also turion germination variance the following season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The "decision" to form turions is not completely understood; however, external stress signals are essential in switching to the pathway that leads to turion formation (Appenroth 2002). The signals that induce turion formation include low temperatures (Appenroth and Nickel 2010), nutrient deficiency (Appenroth et al, 1989;Gerard and Triest 2014) such as phosphate (Appenroth and Adamec 2014), nitrate (Malek and Cossins 1982), and sulphate (Malek and Cossins 1982), increasing amounts of abscisic acid (Smart and Trewavas 2006) and metal stressors (Olah et al, 2014;Olah et al, 2015). The formation of turions may also depend on the length of the growth season (Kuehdorf et al, 2013), where longer growth periods and warmer temperatures result in enhanced fitness (Appenroth 2002, Kuehdorf et al, 2014.…”

Section: Spirodela Polyrhiza and Turion Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonal variation: birth order produces life-history diversity in the Greater Duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza

Mejbel¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Evolutionary response to environmental variation is required for survival and may occur through adaptive tracking, phenotypic plasticity or bet hedging. Variable dormancy is a classical bet-hedging trait in literature, and enables survival through harsh conditions. Greater Duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza, forms overwintering propagules called "turions". However, S. polyrhiza propagates clonally, and it is unknown how diversified dormancy behaviour is generated among genetically identical offspring. Here, I investigate sources of variation in turion formation in Spirodela polyrhiza. I tested whether turion production is stimulated by birth order, size and temperature under controlled conditions of a growth chamber and a thermogradient incubator. Parental birth order was found to have a significant effect on turion formation; furthermore, this effect is temperature-dependent. This study addresses fundamental questions on mechanisms generating diversity in dormancy behavior, and provides insight into the natural history of Spirodela polyrhiza, an emerging model organism for ecological studies.iii

show abstract

“…Furthermore, duckweed species are among the fastest growing angiosperms in the world in terms of biomass production (Kutschera and Niklas 2015). They have been the focus of studies in physiology (Jacobs 1947;Perry 1968;Appenroth et al 1989Appenroth et al , 1996Ley et al 1997;Lemon et al 2001), toxicology (Appenroth et al 2000;Oláh et al 2015Oláh et al , 2018Geng et al 2018;Singh et al 2018), and evolutionary biology (Vasseur and Aarssen 1992; Laird 2015, 2016;Ankutowicz and Laird 2018;Mejbel and Simons 2018) as well as in industrial contexts with applications in wastewater treatment Ziegler et al 2017;Kaur et al 2018;Singh et al 2018), pharmaceuticals , human consumption Appenroth et al 2017;Kaur et al 2018), and biofuel crop production Gönen 2018;Kaur et al 2018). Duckweed, although sometimes still considered to form the family Lemnaceae,…”

Section: Spirodela Polyrhiza As a Model Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are now more commonly accepted as belonging to the subfamily Lemnoideae within the family Araceae (Appenroth et al 1996;Appenroth 2003;Oláh et al 2017). Spirodela polyrhiza is the most studied turion forming aquatic plant (Oláh et al 2017) and is one of 35 described species of duckweed, 15 of which are known to produce turions as vegetative overwintering organs (Jacobs 1947;Perry 1968;Appenroth et al 1996;Appenroth 2003;Oláh et al 2015Oláh et al , 2017Mejbel and Simons 2018), which are a central focus of this study.…”

Section: Spirodela Polyrhiza As a Model Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth order as a source of diversification in spring phenology and its potential effects on performance in greater duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza

Morris¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Organisms must be able to adapt in order to persist in dynamic and unstable environments. Now, in the face of rapid environmental change, questions about plants' intrinsic tolerance to variability and unpredictable environments are especially relevant. The timing of both winter freeze-up and spring thaws are unpredictable and under these variable environments, clonal populations of Spirodela polyrhiza (greater duckweed) provide an excellent case study of phenotypic diversification as a risk aversion strategy. Previous research on this species has demonstrated that potential diversification bet hedging in the phenology of the production of turions-the quiescent overwintering structure that rests at the sediment surface-is generated by birth order within clones. Like production of turions which occurs in the fall, the timing of turion reactivation the following spring may also have profound fitness consequences due to the risk of the thaw and re-freezing of the water's surface. I therefore hypothesize that variance in turion reactivation phenology within clones is influenced by birth order of turions. This was tested through a laboratory study that determined the source of observed phenological variability, and an outdoor mesocosm study that further examined fitness consequences of variance in the timing of turion reactivation under different temperature treatments. The results showed that both temperature and birth order play a role in reactivation timing in that early birth order turions generally reactivate before later birth orders. The effect size of this birth order interaction was found to decrease with temperature. Furthermore, although an effect of turion birth order on lineage performance was not seen, temperature was shown to be positively associated with performance. This research suggests mechanisms whereby clones may generate diversification strategies. If various phenotypes (birth orders) perform differently depending on the environment, a "phenotype-by-environment interaction" generates potential diversification bet hedging. Such diversification could mitigate impacts of both seasonal unpredictability and larger scale climate trends. This thesis could not have been done without the help and support of a number of individuals. I would first like to thank my thesis supervisor Dr. Andrew Simons, who has been a wonderful research supervisor and mentor and has endlessly supported me throughout my studies in his lab. His expertise in research and writing have been a great example for me as I navigated my way through my degree program.

show abstract

Comparative study on the sensitivity of turions and active fronds of giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden) to heavy metal treatments

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Callus induction and frond regeneration in Spirodela polyrhiza

Callus induction and frond regeneration in Spirodela polyrhiza

Clonal variation: birth order produces life-history diversity in the Greater Duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza

Birth order as a source of diversification in spring phenology and its potential effects on performance in greater duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About