Comparative techno-economic analysis of biomass fuelled combined heat and power for commercial buildings

Huang, Ye; McIlveen-Wright, D; Rezvani, Sina; Huang, Ming Jun; Wang, Yaodong; Roskilly, Anthony Paul; Hewitt, Neil

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.078

Cited by 77 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Systems de-coupling was contemplated as a competitive alternative for bioenergy production; particularly, the option of de-coupling fast pyrolysis step and diesel engine generation step was reported to be the least expensive option up to 5 MWe, as compared to three other de-coupling scenarios: combustion and steam cycle modules, gasification and diesel engine, and pressurised gasification and gas turbine combined cycle. Several studies have been also performed to determine the production cost of electricity from different thermochemical conversion technologies and interestingly, these costs remain within close limits regardless of the technology employed [110][111][112]. Other studies have gone beyond by calculating the production cost of the biofuels by including upgrading steps.…”

Section: Economic Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave pyrolysis of biomass for bio-oil production: Scalable processing concepts

Beneroso

Monti

Kostas

et al. 2017

Chemical Engineering Journal

176

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The pursuit of sustainable hydrocarbon alternatives to fossil fuels has prompted an acceleration in the development of new technologies for biomass processing.Microwave pyrolysis of biomass has long been recognised to provide better quality bio-products in shorter timescales compared to conventional pyrolysis. Although this topic has been widely assessed and many investigations are currently ongoing, this article gives an overview beyond the physico-chemical pyrolysis process and covers engineering aspects and the limitations of microwave heating technology. Herein, we provide innovative scalable concepts to perform the microwave pyrolysis of biomass on a large scale, including essential energy and material handling requirements. Furthermore, some of the possible socio-economic and environmental implications derived from the use of this technology in our society are discussed. Such potential concepts are expected to assist the needs of the industrial bioenergy community to move this largely studied process upwards in scale.

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Section: Economic Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave pyrolysis of biomass for bio-oil production: Scalable processing concepts

Beneroso

Monti

Kostas

et al. 2017

Chemical Engineering Journal

176

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“…Other factorial approaches are applied by for instance Huang et al [38,39], who use the ECLIPSE program, designed for technical, environmental and economic process analysis, to estimate the costs of the proposed biomass ORC systems. Finally, the module costing technique illustrated by Turton et al [13] is a commonly used factorial cost estimation method based on the approach of Guthrie [13].…”

Section: Estimating the Total Investment Costs: Multiplication Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increasing amount of researchers estimate the costs of components based on equipment correlations, using either percentages ( [32]) or multiplication factors ( [33][34][35]) to estimate the total project costs based on the module/equipment costs. Techno-economic ( [22,[36][37][38][39][40][41]) as well as thermo-or exergoeconomic ( [33,[42][43][44]) methods are used to simultaneously analyze technical and economic aspects and tradeoffs. Figure 1 displays a review of published data on estimated ORC investment costs.…”

Section: Orc Investment Costs: a Brief Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost Engineering Techniques and Their Applicability for Cost Estimation of Organic Rankine Cycle Systems

Lemmens

2016

Energies

129

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Abstract:The potential of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems is acknowledged by both considerable research and development efforts and an increasing number of applications. Most research aims at improving ORC systems through technical performance optimization of various cycle architectures and working fluids. The assessment and optimization of technical feasibility is at the core of ORC development. Nonetheless, economic feasibility is often decisive when it comes down to considering practical instalments, and therefore an increasing number of publications include an estimate of the costs of the designed ORC system. Various methods are used to estimate ORC costs but the resulting values are rarely discussed with respect to accuracy and validity. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into the methods used to estimate these costs and open the discussion about the interpretation of these results. A review of cost engineering practices shows there has been a long tradition of industrial cost estimation. Several techniques have been developed, but the expected accuracy range of the best techniques used in research varies between 10% and 30%. The quality of the estimates could be improved by establishing up-to-date correlations for the ORC industry in particular. Secondly, the rapidly growing ORC cost literature is briefly reviewed. A graph summarizing the estimated ORC investment costs displays a pattern of decreasing costs for increasing power output. Knowledge on the actual costs of real ORC modules and projects remains scarce. Finally, the investment costs of a known heat recovery ORC system are discussed and the methodologies and accuracies of several approaches are demonstrated using this case as benchmark. The best results are obtained with factorial estimation techniques such as the module costing technique, but the accuracies may diverge by up to +30%. Development of correlations and multiplication factors for ORC technology in particular is likely to improve the quality of the estimates.

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“…There are several low temperature applications in which the ORC can be used, like: solar thermal [6], geothermal [7], oceanic [5], biomass [8], combined heat and power [9], waste heat from power plants [10], waste heat from industrial processes [11] or others [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for power applications from low grade heat sources

Peris

Navarro-Esbrí

Molés

et al. 2015

Applied Thermal Engineering

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In this paper the performance of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) module, which was designed and built for a specific power application, is experimentally characterized. The ORC tested satisfies the main specifications for an efficient power system, highlighting a volumetric expander with large built-in volume ratio. For tests development, a monitored test bench has been used and adapted to the planned test procedure, which consisted of varying the thermal power input for different condensing conditions. Thereby, 10 steady state points are achieved and analysed according to thermal power input, gross and net electrical powers, electrical cycle efficiencies and expander effectiveness. The results show that the ORC performances are improved for higher thermal oil temperatures, capturing more thermal power, producing more electricity and achieving better cycle efficiencies. The maximum gross electrical efficiency obtained is 12.32 %, for a heat source temperature about 155 ºC and a direct dissipation to the ambient. Moreover, the expander reaches an electrical isentropic effectiveness about 65 % for an optimum pressure ratio around 7, being a suitable system for power applications from low grade heat sources.Keywords: Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC); power applications; test bench; heat recovery; energy efficiency.""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" I ntroductionThe Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) has been proven as an efficient way for power generation from low grade heat sources [1]. It is a similar power cycle to the steam Rankine cycle, but uses more volatile fluids instead of water to improve the efficiency in low temperature applications [2]. Its operating principle consists of capturing the thermal energy from the heat source through the evaporation of the working fluid and reducing the enthalpy in an expander to produce mechanical work, which is turned into electricity by an electric generator. This is a closed system, which condenses the vapor from the expander outlet and pressurizes the liquid to restart the cycle again. [19] reported that in the literature the usual expander effectiveness ranges between 60-65% with peaks of 68-70%, which is in compliance with their results. The researchers tested a small-size ORC prototype using the working fluid R245fa and a scroll expander, adapted from a commercial HVAC, achieving a net cycle electrical efficiency around 8%. Kane et al. [20] proposed to use two superposed ORCs, each one with an optimized working fluid and expander to overcome the limited pressure range and built-in volume ratio (Vi) of a scroll expander modified from a standard compressor. The working fluids selected were R123 for the topping ORC and R134a for the bottoming ORC. Thereby, the results showed that the superposed cycle achieved a net electrical efficiency upper 12% during tests.As can be seen, the main expansion technology investigated for ORCs, intended for applications in low grade heat sources, is the volumetric or positive displacement machine. The reason is...

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Comparative techno-economic analysis of biomass fuelled combined heat and power for commercial buildings

Cited by 77 publications

References 24 publications

Microwave pyrolysis of biomass for bio-oil production: Scalable processing concepts

Microwave pyrolysis of biomass for bio-oil production: Scalable processing concepts

Cost Engineering Techniques and Their Applicability for Cost Estimation of Organic Rankine Cycle Systems

Performance evaluation of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for power applications from low grade heat sources

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