Comparative Three-Year Caries Protection from an Aluminium-Containing and a Fluoride-Containing Toothpaste

Heidmann, J.; Poulsen, Sven

doi:10.1159/000262381

“…hRuiken et al 1986; Isogangas et al 1993; Sköld et al 1994; Heidmann and Poulsen 1997; Morgan et al 1998; Alanen et al 2000; Sköld et al 2001; Bruno-Ambrosius et al 2005; Källestål 2005; David et al 2006; Heyduck et al 2006; Foster Page and Thomson 2012; Holmén et al 2013.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review

Hummel

¹

,

Akveld

²

,

Bruers

³

et al. 2019

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Caries progression seems to follow universal, predictable rates, depending largely on the caries severity in populations: the higher the caries severity, the higher the progression rates. Quantification of these rates would allow prediction of future caries increments. Our aim was to describe caries progression rates in the primary and permanent dentition in Western populations (not in lesions) of children and adolescents. Therefore, we systematically searched MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane library for studies reporting caries progression data. Eligibility criteria were reporting empirical data from at least 2 full-mouth dental caries examinations in a closed cohort during a follow-up of at least 3 y, a first examination after 1974, a second examination before the age of 22 y, caries assessed as dentine caries (d3/D3), and caries reported in dmfs/DMFS (decayed, missing, and filled surfaces), dmft/DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth), or caries-free participants. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, we described the results for the primary and permanent dentition in a systematic review, performed a meta-analysis for the caries incidence rate in the permanent dentition, and conducted multivariate, hierarchical meta-regression analyses for the caries incidence rate and the increments in DMFS and DMFT. Of the 6,343 unique studies retrieved, 43 studies (56,376 participants) were included for systematic review and 32 for meta-analyses (39,429 participants). The annual decline in caries-free children in the permanent dentition ranged from 0.8% to 10.2%. The annual increment ranged from 0.07 to 1.77 in DMFS and from 0.06 to 0.73 in DMFT. The pooled caries incidence rate was 0.11 (0.09–0.13) per person-year at risk. Meta-regression analyses showed that the methods of individual studies influenced pooled caries incidence rates and increments in DMFS and DMFT. This should be taken into account in planning and evaluation of oral health care services. However, the caries incidence rate is promising for prediction of future caries increments in populations.

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“…They developed this view further by carrying out a clinical trial and described an anticaries e¡ect of rinses containing 500 ppm aluminum [62]. However, the results of a recent 3-year caries protection study [51] of 2087 school children in Denmark indicated that a toothpaste containing 1.77% KAl(SO 4 ) 2 was less e¡ective in reducing caries than a positive control paste containing 0.83% NaFPO 3 . A paste containing both £uoride and aluminum might have been more e¡ective than ones with single agents, in keeping with the view that a large part of the anticaries action of £uoride involves antimicrobial e¡ects.…”

Section: Metal Complexes and E¡ects On Phosphoryl Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride and organic weak acids as modulators of microbial physiology

Marquis¹

2003

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

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Fluoride is widely used as an anticaries agent in drinking water and a variety of other vehicles. This use has resulted in major health benefits. However, there are still open questions regarding the mechanisms of anticaries action and the importance of antimicrobial effects in caries reduction. Fluoride acts in multiple ways to affect the metabolism of cariogenic and other bacteria in the mouth. F(-)/HF can bind directly to many enzymes, for example, heme-containing enzymes or other metalloenzymes, to modulate metabolism. Fluoride is able also to form complexes with metals such as aluminum or beryllium, and the complexes, notably AlF(4)(-) and BeF(3)(-).H(2)O, can mimic phosphate with either positive or negative effects on a variety of enzymes and regulatory phosphatases. The fluoride action that appears to be most important for glycolytic inhibition at low pH in dental plaque bacteria derives from its weak-acid properties (pK(a)=3.15) and the capacity of HF to act as a transmembrane proton conductor. Since many of the actions of fluoride are related to its weak-acid character, it is reasonable to compare fluoride action to those of organic weak acids, including metabolic acids, food preservatives, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and fatty acids, all of which act to de-energize the cell membrane by discharging DeltapH. Moreover, with the realization that the biofilm state is the common lifestyle for most microorganisms in nature, there is need to consider interactions of fluoride and organic weak acids with biofilm communities. Hopefully, this review will stimulate interest in the antimicrobial effects of fluoride or other weak acids and lead to more effective use of the agents for disease control and other applications.

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“…They developed this view further by carrying out a clinical trial and described an anticaries effect of rinses containing 500 ppm aluminum [62]. However, the results of a recent 3‐year caries protection study [51] of 2087 school children in Denmark indicated that a toothpaste containing 1.77% KAl(SO 4 ) 2 was less effective in reducing caries than a positive control paste containing 0.83% NaFPO 3 . A paste containing both fluoride and aluminum might have been more effective than ones with single agents, in keeping with the view that a large part of the anticaries action of fluoride involves antimicrobial effects.…”

Section: New Information On Physiological Actions Of Fluoride On Micmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride and organic weak acids as modulators of microbial physiology

Marquis

¹

,

Clock

²

,

Mota‐Meira

³

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fluoride is widely used as an anticaries agent in drinking water and a variety of other vehicles. This use has resulted in major health benefits. However, there are still open questions regarding the mechanisms of anticaries action and the importance of antimicrobial effects in caries reduction. Fluoride acts in multiple ways to affect the metabolism of cariogenic and other bacteria in the mouth. F(-)/HF can bind directly to many enzymes, for example, heme-containing enzymes or other metalloenzymes, to modulate metabolism. Fluoride is able also to form complexes with metals such as aluminum or beryllium, and the complexes, notably AlF(4)(-) and BeF(3)(-).H(2)O, can mimic phosphate with either positive or negative effects on a variety of enzymes and regulatory phosphatases. The fluoride action that appears to be most important for glycolytic inhibition at low pH in dental plaque bacteria derives from its weak-acid properties (pK(a)=3.15) and the capacity of HF to act as a transmembrane proton conductor. Since many of the actions of fluoride are related to its weak-acid character, it is reasonable to compare fluoride action to those of organic weak acids, including metabolic acids, food preservatives, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and fatty acids, all of which act to de-energize the cell membrane by discharging DeltapH. Moreover, with the realization that the biofilm state is the common lifestyle for most microorganisms in nature, there is need to consider interactions of fluoride and organic weak acids with biofilm communities. Hopefully, this review will stimulate interest in the antimicrobial effects of fluoride or other weak acids and lead to more effective use of the agents for disease control and other applications.

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Comparative Three-Year Caries Protection from an Aluminium-Containing and a Fluoride-Containing Toothpaste

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review

Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review

Fluoride and organic weak acids as modulators of microbial physiology

Fluoride and organic weak acids as modulators of microbial physiology

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