Comparative toxicity of seven rare earth elements in sea urchin early life stages

Trifuoggi, Marco; Pagano, Giovanni; Guida, Marco; Palumbo, Anna; Siciliano, Antonietta; Gravina, Maria Flavia; Lyons, Daniel Mark; Burić, Petra; Levak, Maja; Thomas, Philippe J.; Giarra, Antonella; Oral, Rahime

doi:10.1007/s11356-017-9658-1

Cited by 64 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This feature has led to the development of various gadolinium-based contrast agents [1]. Despite the relatively high biological tolerance (median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of about 100–200 mg/kg), gadolinium is known to interfere with many biological processes [2,3,4]. Three decades of widespread use of gadolinium-based contrast agents increased our knowledge about Gd 3+ -related toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Mechanism of Low Doses of NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+ Upconverting Nanoparticles in Activated Macrophage Cell Lines

et al. 2019

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Gadolinium-doped nanoparticles (NPs) are regarded as promising luminescent probes. In this report, we studied details of toxicity mechanism of low doses of NaGdF4-based fluorescent nanoparticles in activated RAW264.7, J774A.1 macrophages. These cell lines were specifically sensitive to the treatment with nanoparticles. Using nanoparticles of three different sizes, but with a uniform zeta potential (about −11 mV), we observed rapid uptake of NPs by the cells, resulting in the increased lysosomal compartment and subsequent superoxide induction along with a decrease in mitochondrial potential, indicating the impairment of mitochondrial homeostasis. At the molecular level, this led to upregulation of proapoptotic Bax and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, which triggered the apoptosis with phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. We provide a time frame of the toxicity process by presenting data from different time points. These effects were present regardless of the size of nanoparticles. Moreover, despite the stability of NaGdF4 nanoparticles at low pH, we identified cell acidification as an essential prerequisite of cytotoxic reaction using acidification inhibitors (NH4Cl or Bafilomycin A1). Therefore, approaching the evaluation of the biocompatibility of such materials, one should keep in mind that toxicity could be revealed only in specific cells. On the other hand, designing gadolinium-doped NPs with increased resistance to harsh conditions of activated macrophage phagolysosomes should prevent NP decomposition, concurrent gadolinium release, and thus the elimination of its toxicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Mechanism of Low Doses of NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+ Upconverting Nanoparticles in Activated Macrophage Cell Lines

et al. 2019

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“…The developmental defects and cytogenetic anomalies in REEs-exposed embryos/larvae, and decreased fertilization success and offspring damage following sperm exposure were recorded. Results indicated different cytotoxicity patterns for every REE over different species, providing evidence of toxicity scaling for various REEs [75]. Furthermore, in a study of ecotoxicity analysis (LC50 and EC50), Hydra attenuate species were exposed to different concentrations of chloride salts of 11 REEs (Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, and Lu) [76].…”

Section: Cumulative Toxicity Of Rees and Malformation In Aquatic Animentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In another study conducted by Trifuoggi et al [75], a group of chlorides of 7 REEs (Yttrium (Y), Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Neodymium (Nd), Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu) and Gadolinium (Gd) were tested on two sea urchin species: Sphaerechinus granularis and Arbacia lixula. The developmental defects and cytogenetic anomalies in REEs-exposed embryos/larvae, and decreased fertilization success and offspring damage following sperm exposure were recorded.…”

Section: Cumulative Toxicity Of Rees and Malformation In Aquatic Animentioning

confidence: 99%

An Updated Review of Toxicity Effect of the Rare Earth Elements (REEs) on Aquatic Organisms

Malhotra

Hsu

Liang

et al. 2020

Animals

128

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Rare earth elements (REEs) or “technology metals” were coined by the U.S. Department of Energy, a group of seventeen elements found in the Earth’s crust. These chemical elements are vital and irreplaceable to the world of technology owing to their unique physical, chemical, and light-emitting properties, all of which are beneficial in modern healthcare, telecommunication, and defense. Rare earth elements are relatively abundant in Earth’s crust, with critical qualities to the device performance. The reuse and recycling of rare earth elements through different technologies can minimize impacts on the environment; however, there is insufficient data about their biological, bioaccumulation, and health effects. The increasing usage of rare earth elements has raised concern about environmental toxicity, which may further cause harmful effects on human health. The study aims to review the toxicity analysis of these rare earth elements concerning aquatic biota, considering it to be the sensitive indicator of the environment. Based on the limited reports of REE effects, the review highlights the need for more detailed studies on the hormetic effects of REEs. Aquatic biota is a cheap, robust, and efficient platform to study REEs’ toxicity, mobility of REEs, and biomagnification in water bodies. REEs’ diverse effects on aquatic life forms have been observed due to the lack of safety limits and extensive use in the various sectors. In accordance with the available data, we have put in efforts to compile all the relevant research results in this paper related to the topic “toxicity effect of REEs on aquatic life”.

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“…This species was used to test several toxicants, such as heavy rare earth elements. In particular, S. granularis showed a significantly higher sensitivity to rare earth elements, if compared with A. lixula and to P. lividus (Trifuoggi et al 2017). Early life stages of S. granularis were used to investigate the impact of relevant levels of UV-B radiation (Nahon et al 2009).…”

Section: Effects Induced By CD Stress On Other Species Of Sea Urchinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium stress effects indicating marine pollution in different species of sea urchin employed as environmental bioindicators

Chiarelli

Martino

Roccheri

2019

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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In recent years, researches about the defense strategies induced by cadmium stress have greatly increased, invading several fields of scientific research. Mechanisms of cadmium-induced toxicity continue to be of interest for researchers given its ubiquitous nature and environmental distribution, where it often plays the role of pollutant for numerous organisms. The presence in the environment of this heavy metal has been constantly increasing because of its large employment in several industrial and agricultural activities. Cadmium does not have any biological role and, since it cannot be degraded by living organisms, it is irreversibly accumulated into cells, interacting with cellular components and molecular targets. Cadmium is one of the most studied heavy metal inductors of stress and a potent modulator of several processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, reactive oxygen species, protein kinase and phosphatase, mitochondrial function, metallothioneins, and heat-shock proteins. Sea urchins (adults, gametes, embryos, and larvae) offer an optimal opportunity to investigate the possible adaptive response of cells exposed to cadmium, since these cells are known to accumulate contaminants. In this review, we will examine several responses to stress induced by cadmium in different sea urchin species, with a focus on Paracentrotus lividus embryos. The sea urchin embryo represents a suitable system, as it is not subjected to legislation on animal welfare and can be easily used for toxicological studies and as a bioindicator of environmental pollution. Recently, it has been included into the guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays to monitor autophagy.

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Comparative toxicity of seven rare earth elements in sea urchin early life stages

Cited by 64 publications

References 34 publications

Toxicity Mechanism of Low Doses of NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+ Upconverting Nanoparticles in Activated Macrophage Cell Lines

Toxicity Mechanism of Low Doses of NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+ Upconverting Nanoparticles in Activated Macrophage Cell Lines

An Updated Review of Toxicity Effect of the Rare Earth Elements (REEs) on Aquatic Organisms

Cadmium stress effects indicating marine pollution in different species of sea urchin employed as environmental bioindicators

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