Comparative toxicity of trivalent and pentavalent inorganic and methylated arsenicals in rat and human cells

Stýblo, Miroslav; Razo, Luz M. Del; Vega, Libia; Germolec, Dori R.; LeCluyse, Edward L.; Hamilton, Geraldine A.; Reed, William; Wang, C; Cullen, William R.; Thomas, David J.

doi:10.1007/s002040000134

Cited by 895 publications

(641 citation statements)

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“…It is well recognized that As III is more toxic than As V in vitro and in vivo [35,37]. GSH can reduce As V to As III [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic anion transporting polypeptide-C mediates arsenic uptake in HEK-293 cells

Lu¹,

Tamai²,

Nezu³

et al. 2006

J Biomed Sci

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SummaryArsenic is an established human carcinogen. The role of aquaglyroporins (AQPs) in arsenic disposition was recently identified. In order to examine whether organic anion transporting polypeptide-C (OATP-C) also plays a role in arsenic transport, OATP-C cDNA was transfected into cells of a human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293). Transfection increased uptake of the model OATP-C substrate, estradiol-17b-D-glucuronide, by 10-fold. In addition, we measured uptake and cytotoxicity of arsenate, arsenite, monomethylarsonate(MMA V ), and dimethylarsinate (DMA V ). Transfection of OATP-C increased uptake and cytotoxicity of arsenate and arsenite, but not of MMA V or DMA V . Rifampin and taurocholic acid (a substrate of OATP-C) reversed the increased toxicity of arsenate and arsenite seen in OATP-C-transfected cells. The increase in uptake of inorganic arsenic was not as great as that of estradiol-17b-D-glucuronide. Our results suggest that OATP-C can transport inorganic arsenic in a (GSH)-dependent manner. However, this may not be the major pathway for arsenic transport.

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“…It is well recognized that As III is more toxic than As V in vitro and in vivo [35,37]. GSH can reduce As V to As III [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic anion transporting polypeptide-C mediates arsenic uptake in HEK-293 cells

Lu¹,

Tamai²,

Nezu³

et al. 2006

J Biomed Sci

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“…Longer reaction coil (1000 mm-785 µl) was used. The flow rate of carrier Ar of 75 ml min −1 was maintained throughout the analysis, with 25 ml min −1 originating from NaBH 4 …”

Section: Direct Transfer Mode-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Service, West Chester, PA, USA (MAs(V)); H (CH 3 ) 2 AsO 2 , Strem Chemicals, Inc., Newburyport, MA, USA (DMAs(V)). (CH 3 AsO) 4 (MAs (III)), (CH 3 ) 2 As. (GS)-glutathione complex [39] and (CH 3 ) 2 As.I (DMAs(III)) and (CH 3 ) 3 AsO (TMAs(V)O) [40] were obtained courtesy of Dr. William Cullen (University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada).…”

Section: Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human metabolism of iAs involves the reduction of As(V) to As(III) and the oxidative methylation of As(III)-species that yields methylated arsenicals containing either As(III) or As(V) [1][2][3]. Toxicities of tri-and pentavalent iAs and methylated arsenicals differ significantly [4][5][6]. Therefore, developing methods for the oxidation state specific speciation analysis of As in biological matrices has become a key issue for As toxicology and analytical chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidation state specific generation of arsines from methylated arsenicals based on l-cysteine treatment in buffered media for speciation analysis by hydride generation-automated cryotrapping-gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry with the multiatomizer

Matoušek

Hernández-Zavala

Svoboda

et al. 2008

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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148

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An automated system for hydride generation -cryotrapping-gas chromatography -atomic absorption spectrometry with the multiatomizer is described. Arsines are preconcentrated and separated in a Chromosorb filled U-tube. An automated cryotrapping unit, employing nitrogen gas formed upon heating in the detection phase for the displacement of the cooling liquid nitrogen, has been developed. The conditions for separation of arsines in a Chromosorb filled U-tube have been optimized. A complete separation of signals from arsine, methylarsine, dimethylarsine, and trimethylarsine has been achieved within a 60 s reading window. The limits of detection for methylated arsenicals tested were 4 ng l −1 . Selective hydride generation is applied for the oxidation state specific speciation analysis of inorganic and methylated arsenicals. The arsines are generated either exclusively from trivalent or from both tri-and pentavalent inorganic and methylated arsenicals depending on the presence of L-cysteine as a prereductant and/or reaction modifier. A TRIS buffer reaction medium is proposed to overcome narrow optimum concentration range observed for the L-cysteine modified reaction in HCl medium. The system provides uniform peak area sensitivity for all As species. Consequently, the calibration with a single form of As is possible. This method permits a highthroughput speciation analysis of metabolites of inorganic arsenic in relatively complex biological matrices such as cell culture systems without sample pretreatment, thus preserving the distribution of tri-and pentavalent species.

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“…10 Although pentavalent methylated As species are less toxic than inorganic As to animals and human cells, trivalent methylated As species are more toxic. 11 Methylated As species are also implicated in the physiological disorder "straight-head" disease in rice, 1 causing spikelet sterility and yield losses. 12 Methylated As species have been found in soils, usually as minor species compared to the predominance of inorganic As.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic Methylation in Soils and Its Relationship with Microbial arsM Abundance and Diversity, and As Speciation in Rice

Zhao

Harris

Jia

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

187

125

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Methylation of arsenic in soil influences its environmental behavior and accumulation by plants, but little is known about the factors affecting As methylation. As speciation was determined in the pore waters of six soils from diverse geographical locations over 54 days of incubation under flooded conditions. The concentration of methylated As (monomethylarsonic acid, MMA, and dimethylarsinic acid, DMA) varied from 0 to 85 μg L −1 (0 − 69% of the total As in pore water). Two Bangladeshi paddy soils contaminated by irrigation of As-laden groundwater produced large concentrations of inorganic As but relatively little methylated As. Two contaminated paddy soils from China produced a transient peak of DMA during the early phase of incubation. Methylated As represented considerable proportions of the total soluble As in the two uncontaminated soils from the UK and U.S. The copy number of the microbial arsenite methyltransferase gene (arsM) correlated positively with soil pH. However, pore-water methylated As correlated negatively with pH or arsM copy number, and positively with dissolved organic C. GeoChip assay revealed considerable arsM diversity among the six soils, with 27−35 out of 66 sequences in the microarray being detected. As speciation in rice plants grown in the soils generally mirrored that in the pore water. The results suggest that methylated As species in plants originated from the soil and As methylation in soil was influenced strongly by the soil conditions. ■ INTRODUCTIONArsenic (As) is a ubiquitous contaminant in the environment originating from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Because its biogeochemical behavior and toxicity vary greatly among different chemical species, it is important to understand how the speciation of As changes in the environment and what drives such changes. A particularly important case is the paddy rice system because it is now recognized that rice is a major source of As in the human diet. 1 The anaerobic conditions in paddy soils are conducive to the mobilization of arsenite, 2,3 which is taken up inadvertently by rice roots through the strong uptake pathway for silicic acid. 4 Rice grain contains both inorganic As (arsenate and arsenite) and organic As (mostly dimethylarsinic acid, DMA; occasionally also trace amounts of monomethylarsonic acid, MMA, and tetramethylarsonium). 5−9 As speciation in rice varies widely among different riceproducing regions. Market-basket surveys show that Asian rice generally is dominated by inorganic As with DMA typically accounting for about 20% of the total As. [5][6][7]10 In contrast, rice produced in the U.S. and Europe is more variable in As speciation with many samples containing more organic than inorganic As. 5,7,8,10 It is possible that that this geographical pattern reflects the relative bioavailability of inorganic versus organic As in different paddy environments. 10 Compared with inorganic As, methylated As species are more easily accumulated in rice grain. 10 Although pentavalent methylated As species are ...

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Comparative toxicity of trivalent and pentavalent inorganic and methylated arsenicals in rat and human cells

Cited by 895 publications

References 0 publications

Organic anion transporting polypeptide-C mediates arsenic uptake in HEK-293 cells

Organic anion transporting polypeptide-C mediates arsenic uptake in HEK-293 cells

Oxidation state specific generation of arsines from methylated arsenicals based on l-cysteine treatment in buffered media for speciation analysis by hydride generation-automated cryotrapping-gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry with the multiatomizer

Arsenic Methylation in Soils and Its Relationship with Microbial arsM Abundance and Diversity, and As Speciation in Rice

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