Comparative toxicity study of 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (picric acid) in newborn and young rats

Abstract

The toxicity of oral 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) was determined in newborn rats, and compared with that in young rats. In newborn rats, males and females were given TNP at 0, 16.3, 81.4 or 407 mg/kg per day on postnatal days (PND) 4-17 for the dose-finding study, and at 0, 4.1, 16.3 or 65.1 mg/kg per day on PND 4-21 for the main study. Deaths, lower body weight (BW) and behavioral changes were found at 81.4 and 407 mg/kg per day in the dose-finding study, and lower BW was observed in males at 65.1 mg/kg per day during the dosing period of the main study. In young rats, 5-week-old males and females were given TNP at 0, 20, 100 or 500 mg/kg per day for 14 days as the dose-finding study and at 0, 4, 20 or 100 mg/kg per day for 28 days as the main study. Deaths were observed at 500 mg/kg per day in the dose-finding study. Deaths or changes in BW were not found at 100 mg/kg per day or less. At 100 mg/kg per day, hemolytic anemia and testicular toxicity were found. In conclusion, toxicity profiles induced by TNP were markedly different between newborn and young rats.

Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Picric Acid (2,4,6-Trinitrophenol)

“…Takahashi et al [7] reevaluated the toxicity of picric acid in young rats and determined the toxicity in newborn rats, for comparison. For the dosefinding in newborn rats, four pups/sex/dose were given picric acid by gavage at 0, 16.3, 81.4, or 407 mg/kg/day on postnatal days (PNDs) 4-17 (14 days) and euthanized on PND 18.…”

“…No deaths were observed throughout the 28 day experimental period [7]. Initially, three rats/sex/dose were given picric acid by gavage at 0, 20, 100, or 500 mg/kg/day for 14 days.…”

Protonation- and electrostatic-interaction-based fluorescence probes for the selective detection of picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) – an explosive material

“…This causes skin sensitization, immunotoxicity and methemoglobinemia, headaches, liver damage, anemia in humans and can also have negative affect on the respiratory organs due to effects of bio-amplification and bioaccumulation. It is a dermal sensitizer and strong eye irritant for animals like rats 10,11 . Additionally, PA can be metabolised to picramic acid, with higher mutagenic activity in comparison to PA itself 12 .…”

Susceptibility of newborn rats to 3‐ethylphenol and 4‐ethylphenol compared with that of young rats

“…2003), for tetrabromobisphenol A (Fukuda et al . 2004), for 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (Takahashi et al . 2004), for 1,3‐dibromopropane and 1,1,2,2‐tetrabromoethane (Hirata‐Koizumi et al .…”

“…In this context, we have determined the toxicity of chemicals in newborn rats after direct dosing and compared it with that in young rats. We have already reported the differences in the susceptibility to toxicities of chemicals between newborn and young rats for 4-nitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol (Koizumi et al 2001), for 3-aminophenol (Koizumi et al 2002), for 3-methylphenol (Koizumi et al 2003), for tetrabromobisphenol A (Fukuda et al 2004), for 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (Takahashi et al 2004), for 1,3-dibromopropane and 1,1,2,2tetrabromoethane (Hirata- Koizumi et al 2005). With regard to the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), these reports showed that the toxic response in newborn rats was at most 3-4 times (4nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, 3-aminophenol and 3-methylphenol) higher than that in young rats.…”