Protonation- and electrostatic-interaction-based fluorescence probes for the selective detection of picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) – an explosive material

Abstract

Abstract. The picric acid due to its low pKa value possesses distinct physico-chemical features among all other nitro aromatic derivatives to design fluorescent probes for its’ sensitive and selective detection.The...

Basic Fluorescent Protonation-Type pH Probe Sensitive to Small ΔpKa of Methanol and Ethanol

“…10−12 Protonation-type probes are also utilized as fluorescent probes for the selective detection of highly acidic, harmful organic compounds such as picric acid. 13 Highly basic probes may be used to monitor neutral-to-alkaline pH and detect weakly acidic molecules. Such molecular recognition is impossible for previously reported deprotonation-type probes.…”

“…Deprotonation-type probes, such as bromophenol blue and phenol phthalein, have acidic protons that are deprotonated with color changes; these probes have been well studied and can be utilized for monitoring a wide pH range by carefully tuning their p K a values. ,− In contrast, the pH range monitored by protonation-type probes is generally limited to the acidic region because of the limited p K a (p K BH+ ) tunability of the conjugate acid of the basic moiety. Therefore, only a few strongly basic probes have been reported, − whereas various weakly basic probes have been developed for monitoring acidic and neutral pH conditions. − Protonation-type probes are also utilized as fluorescent probes for the selective detection of highly acidic, harmful organic compounds such as picric acid . Highly basic probes may be used to monitor neutral-to-alkaline pH and detect weakly acidic molecules.…”

A pyrazinium-based fluorescent chemosensor for the selective detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol in an aqueous medium

“…10 The low vapor pressure of TNP (5.8 × 10 −9 Torr at 25 °C) indicates its existence in both vapor and particulate phases. 11 TNP as a soil impurity is expected to have high a mobility ( K OC = 180) 12 due to its high water solubility. Therefore, TNP is categorized as a severe water contaminant in the list of priority pollutants by the environmental protection agency (EPA).…”

Naphthalimide‐Hydroxyquinoline Conjugates for Discriminative Detection of Nitro Aromatic Compounds in Aqueous Medium and Soil Sample

“…Many trivial techniques such as chromatography, mass and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopies, electrochemical assay is available for the detection of NACs [18–19] . However, these techniques lack ease of operational use, sensitivity and selectivity, portability, fast visualization and response time, low cost of maintenance which makes fluorescence‐based methods the most effective method for the detection of NACs [20–23] …”

“…[18][19] However, these techniques lack ease of operational use, sensitivity and selectivity, portability, fast visualization and response time, low cost of maintenance which makes fluorescence-based methods the most effective method for the detection of NACs. [20][21][22][23] In literature, Supramolecular self-assembly is being explored to design functional material for NACs because large surface-to-volume ratio and the effective π-π stacking between these molecules provides ordered molecular organization which enables long-range exciton migration and their quick annihilation by explosive quencher. [24] In this context, 1,8naphthalimide derivatives which have strong tendency to form intermolecular π-π stacking to control photophysical properties, and possibility of synthetic modifications either on the naphthalene ring or at the N-imide position with different functional group emerged as promising scaffold.…”