Comparative transcriptome analysis of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum revealed its response mechanisms to the biological control agent, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Abstract

Biological control mechanisms of plant diseases have been intensively studied. However, how plant pathogens respond to and resist or alleviate biocontrol agents remains largely unknown. in this study, a comparative transcriptome analysis was performed to elucidate how the pathogen of sclerotinia stem rot, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, responds and resists to the biocontrol agent, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Results revealed that a total of 2,373 genes were differentially expressed in S. sclerotiorum samples treated with B. amyloliquefaciens fermentation broth (tS) when compared to control samples (CS). Among these genes, 2,017 were upregulated and 356 were downregulated. further analyses indicated that various genes related to fungal cell wall and cell membrane synthesis, antioxidants, and the autophagy pathway were significantly upregulated, including glucan synthesis, ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, fatty acid synthase, heme-binding peroxidase related to oxidative stress, glutathione S-transferase, ABc transporter, and autophagy-related genes. these results suggest that S. sclerotiorum recruits numerous genes to respond to or resist the biocontrol of B. amyloliquefaciens. thus, this study serves as a valuable resource regarding the mechanisms of fungal pathogen resistance to biocontrol agents.

ε-poly-L-lysine Affects the Vegetative Growth, Pathogenicity and Expression Regulation of Necrotrophic Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

“…The next-generation sequencing techniques are powerful tools to reveal the transcriptome variations of S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea during infection and to respond to fungicides or biological agents [28,35,57]. For example, global gene expression using RNA-seq was performed to reveal the gene regulation of S. sclerotiorum during the infection of Glycine max [35].…”

“…For example, global gene expression using RNA-seq was performed to reveal the gene regulation of S. sclerotiorum during the infection of Glycine max [35]. In addition, transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the gene expression of S. sclerotiorum treated with the fermentation broth of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens [28]. Transcriptomic analysis was also conducted to analyze critical genes involved in the infection process of B. cinerea [58], as well as the resistance-related genes of the B. cinerea B05.10 strain in response to fungicide cyprodinil and fenhexamid [57].…”

“…RNA-Seq has recently become a powerful tool for transcriptome profiling in studies monitoring fungal transcriptional responses [27,28]. Based on the inhibition effects of ε-PL on S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea, a genome-wide gene expression analysis was conducted to further investigate the effect of ε-PL on the modulation of the critical genes or pathways of S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea.…”

“…Furthermore, ε-PL was reported to effectively inhibit the incidence of grey mold rot on various fruits and vegetables caused by B. cinerea [23,26]. The high-throughput sequencing techniques, such as Illumina RNA-seq, provided a powerful tool to investigate the transcriptome variations of the pathogenic fungi in response to biological agents [27,28].…”

Response of Fusarium pseudograminearum to Biocontrol Agent Bacillus velezensis YB-185 by Phenotypic and Transcriptome Analysis

“…For example, RNA was analyzed from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides TS-09 grown on PDA with B. amyloliquefaciens SDF-005 for 9 days [ 39 ], Verticillium dahliae VdSHZ-9 grown on PDA with Bacillus N-4 for 7 days [ 40 ], and Fusarium oxysporum grown on PDA with B. subtilis HSY21 for 2 and 3 days [ 29 ]. RNA was also analyzed for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 1980 grown on PDA containing 10% culture filtrate of B. amyloliquefaciens Bam22 for 1 day [ 41 ], and Botrytis cinerea strain B05.10 grown in PDB with B. subtilis MBI 600 culture filtrate for 0, 24, 48, and 72 h [ 42 ].…”