Comparative ultrastructure of adhesive systems in the turbellaria

Tyler, Seth

doi:10.1007/bf02568557

Cited by 145 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Detailed analyses of the body wall of turbellarians and other taxa have influenced profoundly our understanding of function and phylogeny at taxonomic levels ranging from species to phyla (e.g., Rieger, 1976;Tyler, 1976;Ehlers and Ehlers, 1977;Storch, 1979;Smith et ai, 1982). Whereas about 100 published papers address ultrastructure of the turbellarian body wall (Rieger, 1981a), only about 12 consider any aspect of ultrastructure of the nemertine integument.…”

Section: Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure of the Nemertine Integument with Consideration of Its Ecological and Phylogenetic Significance

Norenburg

1985

Am Zool

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SVNOPSIS. The phylum Nemertina, with more than 800 described species, occupies a wide range of habitats and figures prominently in theories of bilaterian evolution. Integuments of nemertines, from a number of habitats and representing the major orders, are compared and the general cell types constituting the epidermis are reviewed and defined. The general construction and cell demography of the integument are more or less characteristic for each order, but are not readily generalized to lower taxonomic levels. Similarly, the general structure of the integument has correlations with broad environments, but there are few conspicuous, uniquely adaptive, morphological specializations; e.g., the adhesive plate and ciliary bristles of interstitial nemertines, the tube-forming cells of Carcinonemertes epialti and various palaeonemertines, the epidermis of the pilidium larva. It is proposed that there are three generalized types of integumentary glandular cells, mucous, serous and bacillary, and that these and the ciliated cells vary only modestly across taxonomic and environmental lines. However, it is also proposed that the major structural variations of the integument not only are diagnostic for the orders but also suggest and correlate with two major evolutionary radiations of the extant nemertines, one epibenthic, the other infaunal-in that sequence. Similarities of the nemertine integument to that of turbellarians are superficial or at best plesiomorphous; i.e., they are also found in other taxa.

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Section: Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the exception of the duo-gland system (Tyler, 1976) and rhabdites (Smith et at, 1982), the glandular cells of the turbellarian epidermis are not well known (Rieger, 1981a). According to the criteria of Smith et al (1982) nemertines do not appear to have rhabdites.…”

Section: Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of the Nemertine Integument with Consideration of Its Ecological and Phylogenetic Significance

Norenburg

1985

Am Zool

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“…Previous studies have shown that flatworms in general contract their muscles when treated with potassium chloride (KCl) solutions (Fetterer et al, 1980;Moneypenny et al, 2001;Cobbett and Day, 2003), but relax them when treated with magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ) solutions (Tyler, 1976;Shaw, 1979;Rees and Kearn, 1984;Schürmann and Peter, 1998;Salvenmoser et al, 2010;Vizoso et al, 2010). The following three different solutions were used to investigate −1 KCl (Carl Roth), (2) 20mmoll −1 MgCl 2 (Carl Roth) and (3) filtered lake water (control) at 4°C in the 24-well plates.…”

Section: Measuring the Clamp Openingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment ability of a clamp-bearing fish parasite, Diplozoon paradoxum (Monogenea) on gills of the common bream Abramis brama

Wong

Gorb

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYMonogeneans, which are mainly fish ectoparasites, use various types of haptoral (posterior) attachment apparatus to secure their attachment onto their hosts. However, it remains unclear how strongly a monogenean can attach onto its host. In the present study, we aimed for the first time to (1) measure pull-off forces required to detach a pair of clamp-bearing monogeneans, Diplozoon paradoxum, from gills of Abramis brama and (2) determine the contribution of muscles to the clamp movements. A mean force of 6.1±2.7mN (~246 times the animals' weight) was required to dislodge a paired D. paradoxum vertically from the gills. There were significant differences (P<0.05, Tukey test) between the widths of clamp openings in D. paradoxum treated in three different solutions: the widest clamp openings were observed in the monogeneans treated in 100mmoll −1 potassium chloride solution (58.26±13.44μm), followed by those treated in 20mmol l −1 magnesium chloride solution (37.91±7.58μm), and finally those treated in filtered lake water (20.16±8.63μm). This suggests that the closing of the clamps is probably not due to the continuous contraction of extrinsic muscles but is caused by the elasticity of the clamp material and that muscle activity is required for clamp opening.

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“…In wesentlichen Aspekten stimmt der Bau der Haftorgane von Nematoplana coelogynoporoides mit den von Tyler (1976) als typisch ffir die Proseriata hervorgehobenen Merkmalen fiberein. Unterschiede bestehen in folgenden Punkten"…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

“…Von allen bisher untersuchten Proseriata, d. h. einem Vertreter der Otoplaninae (Tyler, 1976), einer Vannuccia sp. (Tyler, unpubliziert), Monocelis cincta Karling (Martin, 1978), Bothriomolus balticus Meixner, Archilopsis unipunctata (Fabricius) (Reuter, 1978) …”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Ultrastruktur der Haftapparate vonNematoplana coelogynoporoides (Turbellaria, Proseriata)

Sopott‐Ehlers

1979

Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters

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Ultrastructure of the adhesive systems in Nematoplana coelogynoporoides (Turbellaria, Proseriata). The adhesive systems of Nematoplana coelogynoporoides Meixner, which are almost indiscernible in live animals, were examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopes. There are conformities with the fine structure of the adhesive systems in other Proseriata. However, there are also some special characteristics: the position of the adhesive systems in the epidermis; the number of anchor cells pro adhesive system; and the coexistence of intra-epithelial and insunk anchor cells in each adhesive system. EINLEITUNG

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Comparative ultrastructure of adhesive systems in the turbellaria

Cited by 145 publications

References 33 publications

Structure of the Nemertine Integument with Consideration of Its Ecological and Phylogenetic Significance

Structure of the Nemertine Integument with Consideration of Its Ecological and Phylogenetic Significance

Attachment ability of a clamp-bearing fish parasite, Diplozoon paradoxum (Monogenea) on gills of the common bream Abramis brama

Ultrastruktur der Haftapparate vonNematoplana coelogynoporoides (Turbellaria, Proseriata)

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