Compared with the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHR) is more valuable for assessing the inflammatory process in Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Background The inflammatory response plays essential roles in the pathological process and prognosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This research investigated the predictive value of the neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) for PD. Methods Patients with PD (n = 98) were divided into three groups according to disease duration: < 6 years (n = 55), 6–10 years (n = 29) and > 10 years (n = 14). Based on the classification system of Hoehn and Yahr, grades 1 ~ 2.5 were considered early-stage PD (n = 44), and grades 3 ~ 5 were considered advanced-stage PD (n = 54). In addition, healthy subjects (n = 98) matched to the above PD patients in the same period were selected as the control group. Differences in the NHR, NLR, MHR and other indicators among the groups were evaluated. Results Smoking, drinking, the neutrophil count and the NHR and NLR were remarkably greater and hypertension, index of body mass, the lymphocyte count, and the levels of cholesterol in total, triglycerides, lipoprotein cholesterol with low density and uric acid were sharply lower in the PD group compared with in the control group. Analysis of multifactor logistic regression indicated that the NHR (odds ratio (adjusted OR) = 1.576, 95% CI: 1.053 ~ 2.358, P = 0.027) and NLR (adjusted OR = 1.734, 95% CI: 1.046 ~ 2.876, P = 0.033) were factors of risk for PD, while the MHR was not significantly correlated with PD. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUCs) for the prediction of PD by the NHR and NLR were 0.654 (95% CI: 0.583 ~ 0.721, P = 0.0001) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.62 ~ 0.754, P < 0.0001), respectively, and the optimal cutoff values were 1.848 × 109/mmol and 2.62 × 109/mmol. Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated that the NHR was correlated with the disease duration significantly negatively and that the MHR was positively correlated with disease severity. Conclusions In summary, the NHR not only has strong predictive value for PD but is also closely related to disease duration. The NHR may be a better prediction for the long-period clinical results in PD patients than the MHR and NLR. Trial registration Clinical medical reserach center project of Qinghai Province (2017-SF-L1).

Investigation of systemic immune-inflammation index, neutrophil/high-density lipoprotein ratio, lymphocyte/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and monocyte/high-density lipoprotein ratio as indicators of inflammation in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

“…Furthermore, studies have found that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) showed antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, and HDL can inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and prevent its negative effects on the endothelium (25). In view of the role of neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, and HDL in inflammation, the neutrophil/HDL ratio (NHR), lymphocyte/HDL ratio (LHR), monocyte/HDL ratio (MHR), and platelet/HDL ratio (PHR) have been recently investigated as new markers for inflammation, and they were suggested as potential markers of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in many inflammatory diseases (26)(27)(28)(29)(30). They were found to be closely associated with the presence and prognosis of some physical health disorders, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, and erectile dysfunction (24,27,28,31,32).…”

“…In view of the role of neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, and HDL in inflammation, the neutrophil/HDL ratio (NHR), lymphocyte/HDL ratio (LHR), monocyte/HDL ratio (MHR), and platelet/HDL ratio (PHR) have been recently investigated as new markers for inflammation, and they were suggested as potential markers of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in many inflammatory diseases (26)(27)(28)(29)(30). They were found to be closely associated with the presence and prognosis of some physical health disorders, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, and erectile dysfunction (24,27,28,31,32). At present, there are few studies on these ratios in psychiatric diseases.…”

High-intensity interval training modulates inflammatory response in Parkinson’s disease

“…Our research showed that after 12 weeks of HIIT the level of three cellular immune inflammation markers decreased in the PD-TR group, while in the control group, the decrease in the neutrophil/monocyte ratio and increase in the monocyte/ lymphocyte ratio were observed. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is considered a good marker of inflammation and was previously described as elevated in PD patients [34][35][36][37]. In the context of physical exercise, its level was reported elevated after the exercise and decreased after the long-term training events [38].…”

Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio: A Novel Predictive Marker of Disease Severity and Prognosis in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

“…Compared with single monocytes and HDL levels, combining monocytes and HDL to form a new comprehensive inflammatory index that incorporates both the injury mechanism and protection mechanism, namely the MHR, may have greater clinical value as this biomarker can reflect the degree of inflammation and oxidative stress. Many studies have shown that MHR is closely related to Parkinson's disease ( 53 ), ischemic stroke ( 54 ), cardiovascular disease ( 23 ), metabolic syndrome ( 55 ), immune system disease ( 26 ), and rheumatic disease ( 27 ). Related studies have also reported that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was related to disease activity at the onset of MS ( 56 ).…”