Comparing and contrasting the properties of urethane/acrylic hybrids with those of corresponding blends of urethane dispersions and acrylic emulsions

Brown, Richard A.; Coogan, Richard G.; Fortier, Dave G.; Reeve, Michael S.; Rega, Joseph D.

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2004.03.009

Cited by 49 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…17 One reason for this lack of signal is the low sensitivity of DSC analysis for detecting second order transitions; more sensitivity methods like dynamic mechanical thermal analysis are required. 16 Brown et al 4 and Kukanja et al 18 have also reported the lack of a clear transition in PU/acrylic systems. In our case the lack of a clear T g in the studied range of temperature suggests a good compatibility between both types of polymers and therefore no phase separation.…”

Section: Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However no HEMA was used to bind both polymer chains and a microscopic mixture is formed. Brown et al 4 also reported the mechanical and thermal properties of a system prepared using a commercial preformed PU and polymerizing acrylics obtaining therefore a microscopic mixture and compare to blends of both preformed polymers. An important point is that most of the characterization work on PU and hybrids materials has been made on normal samples, i.e., without purification, which include solvent, residual monomer, initiator, and their decomposition products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FTIR, ¹H‐NMR spectra, and thermal characterization of water‐based polyurethane/acrylic hybrids

Pardini

Amalvy

2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyurethane (PU) polymer was synthesized following a prepolymer mixing process, by polyaddition of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (DMPA). The PU anionomer having 2-ethoxymethacrylate terminal groups was dispersed in water by prior neutralization of carboxylic acid groups of DMPA with triethylamine (TEA), chain extended with hydrazine (HZM) in water and a dispersion polymerization with methyl methacrylate/n-butyl acrylate/acrylic acid mixture was performed. The above polymerization reactions lead to the formation of PU/acrylic hybrids having a chemical bond between PU and acrylic moieties. Acrylic content was varied from 0 to 50 wt % and samples were purified to eliminate oligomers and impurities before characterization. The FTIR and 1 H-NMR spectra of these purified hybrid samples were obtained and bands and peaks assignments were discussed. Thermal properties (DSC and TGA) were also discussed. Breaking hydrogen bonds is the main reason for changes in properties with increasing acrylic content. Particle size data of dispersions is also presented and discussed.

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Section: Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR, ¹H‐NMR spectra, and thermal characterization of water‐based polyurethane/acrylic hybrids

Pardini

Amalvy

2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…A common route to achieving a more intimate mixing between the PU and acrylic polymers is through the polymerization of (meth)acrylic monomers in the presence of preformed PU dispersions via seeded emulsion polymerization . However, due to the fact that the polymers are not chemically bonded, phase separation between PU and (meth)acrylic polymers can still occur during film formation, especially at high content of PU and this limits the performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Grafting on Particle and Film Morphology and Film Properties of Zero VOC Polyurethane/Poly(meth)acrylate Hybrid Dispersions

Mehravar

Ballard

Agirre

et al. 2018

Macro Materials & Eng

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Hybrid waterborne dispersions of polyurethane (PU)/poly(meth)acrylic are widely applied in coating and adhesive products, as well as in many other applications. The synergetic performance of the two component polymers is highly dependent on the ability to control the PU and (meth)acrylic network structure. In this work, the effect of grafting and the impact of macromolecular architecture on the particle and film morphology as well as on the properties of PU/(meth)acrylic hybrid films is investigated. It is shown that with grafting, the absolute molar mass distribution (MMD) is shifted toward higher values as the low molar mass PU chains become incorporated in the (meth)acrylic polymer network. Furthermore, by using different types of functional monomers, the nature of the MMD can be altered. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, it is demonstrated that more homogeneous particle and film morphologies are obtained in the case of grafted hybrids. Finally, the impact of network structure on tensile strength is outlined highlighting that grafted polymer films have higher Young's modulus and strain hardening than the non‐grafted ones.

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“…This is attributed to the formation of a strong interphase material, consisting of intimately mixed, interpenetrating network of urethane and acrylic polymer, which is formed during the synthesis of these hybrids. 71 Coogan and coworkers 71 quantitatively measured the amount of interface material in urethane acrylic hybrids and their corresponding blends by means of m-DSC.…”

Section: Urethane Acrylic Hybridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer heterogeneity in waterborne coatings

Overbeek

2009

J Coat Technol Res

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An overview is presented of the progress in understanding polymer heterogeneity over the last 20 years and how this has contributed to the improvement of coatings. Solvent-based polymers are homogeneous in nature, since all polymeric materials tend to be dissolved in the same solvent mixture. This is different for most waterborne polymers, which tend to be present in a compartmentalized way. Most polymeric materials are present in particles, which are separated by the continuous aqueous phase. This gives excellent opportunities to create particle morphologies that form the basis for the film morphology after drying of the coating. This article gives an overview of the various types of heterogeneity which are accessible in waterborne polymers and will show how heterogeneity in the polymer can contribute to the solution of several persistent problems of the coating industry.

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Comparing and contrasting the properties of urethane/acrylic hybrids with those of corresponding blends of urethane dispersions and acrylic emulsions

Cited by 49 publications

References 6 publications

FTIR, ¹H‐NMR spectra, and thermal characterization of water‐based polyurethane/acrylic hybrids

FTIR, ¹H‐NMR spectra, and thermal characterization of water‐based polyurethane/acrylic hybrids

Role of Grafting on Particle and Film Morphology and Film Properties of Zero VOC Polyurethane/Poly(meth)acrylate Hybrid Dispersions

Polymer heterogeneity in waterborne coatings

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Comparing and contrasting the properties of urethane/acrylic hybrids with those of corresponding blends of urethane dispersions and acrylic emulsions

Cited by 49 publications

References 6 publications

FTIR, 1H‐NMR spectra, and thermal characterization of water‐based polyurethane/acrylic hybrids

FTIR, 1H‐NMR spectra, and thermal characterization of water‐based polyurethane/acrylic hybrids

Role of Grafting on Particle and Film Morphology and Film Properties of Zero VOC Polyurethane/Poly(meth)acrylate Hybrid Dispersions

Polymer heterogeneity in waterborne coatings

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Product

Resources

About

FTIR, ¹H‐NMR spectra, and thermal characterization of water‐based polyurethane/acrylic hybrids

FTIR, ¹H‐NMR spectra, and thermal characterization of water‐based polyurethane/acrylic hybrids