Comparing calculated LDL-C with directly measured LDL-C in healthy and in dyslipidemic children

Garoufi, Anastasia; Drakatos, Antonis; Tsentidis, Charalampos; Klinaki, Eleni; Paraskakis, I.; Marmarinos, Antonios; Gourgiotis, Dimitrios

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.05.026

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…There were 81.73% samples which had lower LDL-FF than direct LDL-C. This finding was consistent with Garoufi et al who reported that 75.6% of children with normal cholesterol and 77.3% of children with dyslipidemia had LDL-FF lower than direct LDL-C. 9 The difference of direct and calculated Friedewald LDL-C mean was increased as the increase of triglycerides and fasting glucose level in type 2 DM patients. [10][11][12] Viera et al…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

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Analysis of LDL-C Measurement Using Direct and Friedewald Formula in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Kurniawan¹,

Windarwati²,

Mulyono³

2018

Indonesian J. Clin. Pathol. Med. Lab.

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LDL-C is important to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease. LDL-C can be measured directly or by using the Friedewald equation. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients have tighter LDL-C target compared with normal population. This research is aimed to analyze the difference of LDL-C level measured by direct test and Friedewald equation in DM and non-DM. This research was a cross-sectional study using LDL-C data of 208 patients who were tested in Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hasanuddin University Hospital from a period of August 2015 to January 2016. LDL-C and other lipid were measured using ABX Pentra 400 meanwhile Friedewald LDL-C was calculated with equation LDLC= Total Cholesterol-HDL-C-(1/5 Triglycerides). Type 2 DM patients were diagnosed by ADA 2015 criteria or who had previous DM history. Friedewald LDL-C estimates lower than direct method (139.07+50.60 mg/dL vs 155.33+51.74 mg/dL, p=0.000). Delta of direct LDL-C and Friedewald equation measurement is higher in DM than non-DM patients (11.97+11.52% vs 8.49+11.27%, p=0.030) Fridewald LDL-C estimates LDL-C lower than direct method and the difference is wider in DM than non-DM. It is suggested to measure LDL-C directly in DM type 2 to reach the actual LDL-C target.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Majority of calculated Friedewald Formula gave a false lower LDL-C calculation than the direct method in children. 9 In this study, a significant difference between direct method and Friedewald Formula was found. There were 81.73% samples which had lower LDL-FF than direct LDL-C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Analysis of LDL-C Measurement Using Direct and Friedewald Formula in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Kurniawan¹,

Windarwati²,

Mulyono³

2018

Indonesian J. Clin. Pathol. Med. Lab.

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“…26 -28 Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated by using the following formula for adolescents with triglyceride level ≤400 mg/dL: LDL-C = TC − [high-density lipoprotein cholesterol + (triglycerides/5)]. 29,30 Serum LDL-C levels were used to classify adolescents as having borderline high or high LDL-C. Adolescents were classified as having hypercholesterolemia if levels of LDL-C were ≥130 mg/dL or TC were ≥200 mg/dL.…”

Section: Hypercholesterolemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Income Disparities and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Adolescents

2018

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Socioeconomic disparities in cardiovascular health among adults have been documented, but disparities during adolescence are less understood. In this study, we examined secular trends in 7 cardiovascular risk factors and disparities among US adolescents. METHODS: We analyzed NHANES data from 1999 to 2014, including 11 557 (4854 fasting) participants aged 12 to 19 years. To examine trends in cardiovascular risk factors, adolescents were stratified into 3 groups on the basis of family poverty-income ratio: low income (poverty-income ratio, <1.3), middle income (≥1.3 and <3.5), and high income (≥3.5). RESULTS: From 1999 to 2014, the prevalence of obesity increased (16.5%-21.0%, P = .001) but only among low-and middle-income adolescents, with significant disparities in prevalence by income (21.7% vs 14.6% among low-versus high-income adolescents, respectively, in 2011-2014). In addition, there were significant and persistent disparities in the prevalence of smoking (20.8% vs 7.4% among low-versus high-income adolescents, respectively, in 2011-2014), low-quality diet (67.8% vs 49.0%), and physical inactivity (25.6% vs 17.0%). No significant disparities were observed in the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia, although the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes increased among low-income adolescents (21.4%-28.0%, P = .01). Overall, the prevalence of adolescents with 2 or more risk factors declined (48.3% to 37.1%, P<.001), but this decline was only significant for high-and middle-income adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Recent improvements in cardiovascular health have not been equally shared by US adolescents of varying socioeconomic status.

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“…LDL-C is a strong marker for atherosclerosis, and therapeutic decisions in children are based on its level ( 24 ). Childhood dyslipidemia, defined as LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dL, is known to be caused by dietary, genetic, and other secondary factors ( 25 , 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Long Working Hours of Parents and Dyslipidemia in Their Children

Ahn

Lee

Kang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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The purpose of our study is to examine the association between children's low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and their parents' working hours. We used data from the 2010–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in which lipid profile samples of 3,799 children were eligible. Logistic regression analyses were used with an outcome variable of the dichotomous LDL-C group and an exposure variable of the father's and mother's working hours, respectively. In logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, household income, education level of children and parents, and working hours of the parents, mothers' working hours more than 52 h per week were significantly associated with their children's dyslipidemia [OR 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–3.47] compared to working 40 h or less, whereas fathers' working hours did not show statistical significance (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.71–1.66) in the same manner. The association was greatest for elementary school students for mothers working more than 52 h per week (OR 3.42, 95% CI 1.64–7.14) compared to those working hours 40 h per week or less. Mothers' long working hours were associated with a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia in their children. The association was strongest for elementary school students. Proper working time of parents is required for their children's health.

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Comparing calculated LDL-C with directly measured LDL-C in healthy and in dyslipidemic children

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Analysis of LDL-C Measurement Using Direct and Friedewald Formula in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Analysis of LDL-C Measurement Using Direct and Friedewald Formula in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Income Disparities and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Adolescents

The Association Between Long Working Hours of Parents and Dyslipidemia in Their Children

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