Comparing electrochemical pre-treated 3D printed native and mechanically polished electrode surfaces for analytical sensing

Shergill, Ricoveer Singh; Perez, Fernando; Abdalla, Aya; Patel, Bhavik Anil

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115994

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…9,10 However, several studies have noted that the low conductivity of commercially available carbon black-based polylactic acids (CB-PLA) directly impacts the performance of the sensors. [11][12][13][14] It is possible to partially overcome this problem via additional filament doping or through chemical and electrochemical post-processing that can enhance the electron transfer kinetics of the final sensor surface. [13][14][15][16] Additionally, several groups have also investigated how the anisotropy and orientation of the printed layers influence the electrochemical activity of 3Dprinted sensors, 11,12 as well as there have been multiple works on cleaning and surface activation protocols for optimized electrochemical performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated multi-material portable 3D-printed platform for electrochemical detection of dopamine and glucose

Domingo-Roca

MacDonald

Hannah

et al. 2022

Analyst

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated multi-material portable 3D-printed platform for electrochemical detection of dopamine and glucose

Domingo-Roca

MacDonald

Hannah

et al. 2022

Analyst

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“…Cylinders were made using CB/PLA filaments (marketed as Proto pasta, was purchased from filaprint, UK). The electrode was printed in a vertical orientation and print layer thickness of 0.1 mm, which we have shown previously to enhance the electrochemical activity of the printed conductive electrodes [20,21,36] . The cylinder was 10 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Material Extrusion Printing Speed on the Electrochemical Activity of Carbon Black/Polylactic Acid Electrodes**

Shergill

Patel

2022

ChemElectroChem

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Material extrusion printing process can make electrodes and electronic components at any geometry and has provided a reproducible approach towards the fabrication of conductive carbon thermoplastic composite parts. Printing parameters can have a significant influence on the conductivity of the printed part, however limited studies have focused on understanding the impact of printing parameters. Our study explored the influence of printing speed on the electrochemical activity of 3D printed carbon black/polylactic acid (CB/PLA) electrodes. We made CB/PLA at print speeds ranging from 20 to 100 mm/s and evaluated the performance of these electrodes using cyclic voltammetry and through imaging. Electrodes made using 60 mm/s printing speed had the greatest current and electron transfer kinetics. Electrodes made using higher and lower printing speeds were more resistive. This study is the first to demonstrate the significant impact that printing speed can have on the electrochemical activity of 3D printed CB/PLA electrodes. The implications of this study are important when defining the 3D printing manufacturing process of electrodes and electronic components.

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“…Examples can be found across many research areas, from wearable devices for medical use [1][2][3][4] , to healthcare sensors that help improve lifestyle or habits such as exercise and sleep 5,6 . However, several studies have noted that the low conductivity of commercially available carbon black-based polylactic acids (CB-PLA) directly impacts the performance of the sensors [7][8][9][10] . It is possible to partially overcome this problem via additional filament doping or through chemical and electrochemical post-processing that can enhance the electron transfer kinetics of the final sensor surface [9][10][11] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible to partially overcome this problem via additional filament doping or through chemical and electrochemical post-processing that can enhance the electron transfer kinetics of the final sensor surface [9][10][11] . Additionally, several groups have also investigated how the anisotropy and orientation of the printed layers influence the electrochemical activity of 3D-printed sensors 7,8 . These 3D-printing advances and optimizations have led several groups to develop novel electrochemical sensors to detect specific analytes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biologically relevant molecules such as glucose or dopamine have also been targeted to directly showcase that FFF has the potential to produce fully personalized biosensors 13,14 . These 3D-printed biosensors possess a range of limitations that include: (i) their size, with electrodes up to 10 mm in diameter and several millimeters in thickness 8 , (ii) the associated large sample volumes that these dimensions require 8,15,16 , and (iii) the restriction of the use of 3D-printing to produce only the working electrode, requiring the use of external counter and reference electrodes that complicate experimental setup and use 17,18 . Several groups have attempted to mitigate these issues by exploiting multi-material FFF 3D-printing, indicating growing interest in the production of an efficient fully-3D-printed platform 7,8,16,19,20 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated multi-material portable 3D-printed platform for electrochemical detection of dopamine and glucose.

Domingo-Roca

MacDonald

Hannah

et al. 2022

Preprint

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3D-printing has become a fundamental part of research in many areas of investigation since it provides rapid and personalized production of parts that meet very specific user needs. Biosensing is not an exception, and production of electrochemical sensors that can detect a variety of redox mediators and biologically relevant molecules has been widely reported. However, most 3Dprinted electrochemical sensors detailed in the literature rely on big, individual, single-material electrodes that require large sample volumes to perform effectively. Our work exploits multi-material fused filament fabrication 3D-printing to produce a compact electrochemical sensor. The device features a built-in well with a volume of approximately 100 μL where the sample is deposited and analyzed via cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and chronoamperometry to assess sensor performance and sensitivity. The integrated 3D-printed platform successfully detects electrochemical activity for hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride and potassium ferricyanide (0.1 mM to 2 mM in 100 mM KCl), dopamine (50 μM to 1 mM in 1xPBS), and glucose via mediator-free and mediated amperometric glucose oxidase enzyme-based sensors (1 mM to 12 mM in 1xPBS), indicating good acceptance of biological modification. These results reveal the exciting potential of multi-material 3D-printing and how it can be used for the rapid development of efficient, small, integrated, personalized electrochemical biosensors.

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Comparing electrochemical pre-treated 3D printed native and mechanically polished electrode surfaces for analytical sensing

Cited by 30 publications

References 48 publications

Integrated multi-material portable 3D-printed platform for electrochemical detection of dopamine and glucose

Integrated multi-material portable 3D-printed platform for electrochemical detection of dopamine and glucose

The Effects of Material Extrusion Printing Speed on the Electrochemical Activity of Carbon Black/Polylactic Acid Electrodes**

Integrated multi-material portable 3D-printed platform for electrochemical detection of dopamine and glucose.

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