Comparing microbial water quality in an intermittent and continuous piped water supply

Kumpel, Emily; Nelson, Kara L.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.058

Cited by 181 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Unfortunately, the priority of broad delivery compromises service to individual households and produces consequences, such as household water storage, which in turn help to further entrench the intermittent water supply regime. Furthermore, although piped water access is increasing faster worldwide wide than other improved water sources, intermittent water supply may become more common due to underinvestment in infrastructure [73]. This is not inevitable: network expansions can be implemented in tandem with policies (such as pricing) and careful engineering (such as new pipes emanating from the source, rather than connected to smaller periphery pipes) that together create conditions that allow everyone to be served continuously, as if it had been a larger network designed all together originally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent Domestic Water Supply: A Critical Review and Analysis of Causal-Consequential Pathways

Galaitsi

Russell

Bishara

et al. 2016

Water

122

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Communities in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries, face obstacles in supplying continuous water to household consumers. Authorities often cite water scarcity as the cause, but we demonstrate that environmental constraints constitute only one aspect of a multi-dimensional problem. By asking what causes intermittent domestic water supply, this literature review (129 articles) identifies 47 conditions of intermittent systems and the causal-consequential pathways between them that can reinforce intermittency. These pathways span several disciplines including engineering, government administration and anthropology, and when viewed together they (1) emphasize the human drivers of intermittency; (2) suggest generalized interventions; and (3) reveal a gap in the literature in terms of meaningful categorizations of the reliability of intermittent supplies. Based on the reliability of consumers' water access, we propose three categories of intermittency-predictable, irregular, and unreliable-to facilitate comparisons between case studies and transfers of solutions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent Domestic Water Supply: A Critical Review and Analysis of Causal-Consequential Pathways

Galaitsi

Russell

Bishara

et al. 2016

Water

122

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“…Moreover, water tends to be intermittently supplied from municipality pipes, which increases the likelihood of bacterial contamination. 21 Second, the study team also visited all laboratoryconfirmed case households to detect additional cases occurring nearby among people who did not seek hepatitis diagnostic care at the private laboratory. The team asked laboratory-confirmed cases to identify any family members, neighbors, coworkers, or classmates who had experienced acute onset of yellow eyes or skin, and dark urine (i.e., acute jaundice) in the 2 months preceding the case's onset of illness or in the 2 months preceding our visit.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance at Private Laboratories Identifies Small Outbreaks of Hepatitis E in Urban Bangladesh

Sazzad

Labrique

Teo

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Although large outbreaks of hepatitis E are regularly identified in south Asia, the majority of south Asian countries lack surveillance systems for this disease, which has hindered burden of disease estimates and prioritization of resources for prevention. Our study aimed to identify small hepatitis E outbreaks through a sentinel private laboratory in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We identified patients with detectable IgM antibody against hepatitis E virus. We defined a small outbreak as at least two laboratory-confirmed cases or ≥ 2 acute jaundice cases from the sentinel cases' family, neighborhood, or workplace. From

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“…There are several studies that analyze the various deficiencies of intermittent supply, since it causes problems in the system infrastructure itself [1][2][3][4][5], produces health risks for users [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], and generates supply inequity [15]. Nevertheless, water is currently delivered to millions of people around the world under intermittent supply conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of DMAs in Intermittent Water Supply Networks Based on Equity Criteria

Ilaya-Ayza

Martins

Campbell

et al. 2017

Water

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Intermittent supply is a common way of delivering water in many developing countries. Limitations on water and economic resources, in addition to poor management and population growth, limit the possibilities of delivering water 24 h a day. Intermittent water supply networks are usually designed and managed in an empirical manner, or using tools and criteria devised for continuous supply systems, and this approach can produce supply inequity. In this paper, an approach based on the hydraulic capacity concept, which uses soft computing tools of graph theory and cluster analysis, is developed to define sectors, also called district metered areas (DMAs), to produce an equitable water supply. Moreover, this approach helps determine the supply time for each sector, which depends on each sector's hydraulic characteristics. This process also includes the opinions of water company experts, the individuals who are best acquainted with the intricacies of the network.

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Comparing microbial water quality in an intermittent and continuous piped water supply

Cited by 181 publications

References 25 publications

Intermittent Domestic Water Supply: A Critical Review and Analysis of Causal-Consequential Pathways

Intermittent Domestic Water Supply: A Critical Review and Analysis of Causal-Consequential Pathways

Surveillance at Private Laboratories Identifies Small Outbreaks of Hepatitis E in Urban Bangladesh

Implementation of DMAs in Intermittent Water Supply Networks Based on Equity Criteria

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