Comparing Negative Social Reactions to Sexual and Non-sexual Crimes: An Experimental Study with a Japanese Sample

Mukai, Tomoya; Watamura, Eiichiro

doi:10.1007/s43576-022-00074-x

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, the contribution of the previous study is that it showed that the national difference in perceived appropriateness of punishment is partially explained by perceived victim's consent. Existing studies of rape in Japan have indicated that misconceptions about consent are common in Japan [10,38]. Finding that consent plays a role in determining punishment in such a society would shed a different light on sexual violence in Japan.…”

Section: Contribution Of the Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing Attitudes toward Sexual Consent between Japan and Canada

Mukai,

Pioch,

Sadamura

et al. 2024

Sexes

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Japanese and Canadian laws regarding sexual assault vary in the degree to which they incorporate the concept of sexual consent, with Japanese law being less consent-oriented than Canadian law. Although the Japanese law has incorporated the concept of sexual consent in the 2023 amendment, the public understanding of the concept is still limited. Reflecting such difference, it could be expected that the general public in both countries also differ in their perceptions and attitudes regarding punishment of sexual crime and sexual consent. The present study aimed to test these expectations and further examine the mediational mechanism that explains the national difference between Japan and Canada. The data from 1125 Japanese and 1125 Canadian respondents showed that Japanese respondents were less likely to perceive the imposition of punishment on an alleged perpetrator described in scenarios as appropriate. In contrast, the difference in the perceived victim’s consent was significant only in three out of seven scenarios. The relation between nations (Japan vs. Canada) and perceived appropriateness of punishment was mediated by the perceived victim’s consent.

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Section: Contribution Of the Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the vast majority of studies on sexual consent have been conducted in Western societies, including Canada [5][6][7][8][9], with those conducted in non-Western societies, including Japan [10,11], remaining elusive. Comparative studies regarding sexual crime are even rarer, with very few exceptions [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Attitudes toward Sexual Consent between Japan and Canada

Mukai,

Pioch,

Sadamura

et al. 2024

Sexes

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“…under the woman, because her cooperation must have been necessary for him to lay it down (West 2011, p. 113). In these ways, fallacious reasoning about consent is common in Japan (Mukai and Watamura 2022), as illustrated by a survey conducted by NHK in 2017 (Ito 2019, p. 94). The prompt was "Things That Lead You to Think the Other Person Consents to Sex," and the levels of agreement are in parentheses:…”

Section: Rape Law and Recent Reformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is rape a crime in Japan?

Johnson

2024

International Journal of Asian Studies

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Japan is often said to have one of the lowest rape rates in the world, and Japanese police claim to solve 97 percent of rape cases. But in reality, only 5–10 percent of rape victims report it to police, and police record half or less of reported cases while prosecutors charge about one-third of recorded cases. The result of this process of caseload attrition is that for every 1,000 rapes in Japan, only 10–20 result in a criminal conviction – and fewer than half of convicted rapists are incarcerated. Similar patterns characterize Japan's criminal justice response to other sex crimes. This article shows that impunity for sex offenders is extremely common in Japan, and it argues that patriarchal social and legal norms help explain this pattern.

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“…Bahar, 2022;Pryce & Grant, 2021;Smith & Haines, 2022). We have included papers using ethnography (Liebling et al 2021;Padilla-Lobos, 2023), survey data (Chon, 2021;De Buck & Pauwels, 2022;Vazsonyi & Cho, 2022), case studies (Yeager et al, 2021;Yogev & Levenkron, 2023) or experiments (Ike et al, 2023;Mukai & Watamura, 2022). The focus of the journal is on strong analytical, theoretical and research-based articles, but we also published policy essays and commentaries (see for example Simões Agapito et al, 2022) and systematic literature reviews (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%