Comparing overflow and wave-overtopping induced breach initiation mechanisms in an embankment breach experiment

Damme, Myron van; Ponsioen, Luc; Huerta, M. Herrero; Peeters, P.

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/20160703004

Cited by 11 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, steep slopes are possible also in case of non-cohesive materials. This was also witnessed during the experiment performed using overflow and wave-overtopping simulators [23]. During this experiment, breach initiation and formation tests were performed using both the overflow and overtopping simulator on a levee consisting of a sandy core and a clay outer layer.…”

Section: Determining Erosion Mechanisms and Rates Of Levee Materialsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…However, van Damme et al [23] recently performed a study to breach initiation under overflow conditions which found orders of magnitude differences in strength of grass when performing an experiment on an existing levee with a clay cover and grass protection. A possible reason for this difference may be that the TN71 tests have been performed on much younger grass covers, which is something that should be taken into account.…”

Section: Overflow or Overtopping Resistance Of Grassmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the importance of analyzing flood defense failures

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Flood defense failures are rare events but when they do occur lead to significant amounts of damage. The defenses are usually designed for rather low-frequency hydraulic loading and as such typically at least high enough to prevent overflow. When they fail, flood defenses like levees built with modern design codes usually either fail due to wave overtopping or geotechnical failure mechanisms such as instability or internal erosion. Subsequently geotechnical failures could trigger an overflow leading for the breach to grow in size Not only the conditions relevant for these failure mechanisms are highly uncertain, also the model uncertainty in geomechanical, internal erosion models, or breach models are high compared to other structural models. Hence, there is a need for better validation and calibration of models or, in other words, better insight in model uncertainty. As scale effects typically play an important role and full-scale testing is challenging and costly, historic flood defense failures can be used to provide insights into the real failure processes and conditions. The recently initiated SAFElevee project at Delft University of Technology aims to exploit this source of information by performing back analysis of levee failures at different level of detail. Besides detailed process based analyses, the project aims to investigate spatial and temporal patterns in deformation as a function of the hydrodynamic loading using satellite radar interferometry (i.e. PS-InSAR) in order to examine its relation with levee failure mechanisms. The project aims to combine probabilistic approaches with the mechanics of the various relevant failure mechanisms to reduce model uncertainty and propose improvements to assessment and design models. This paper describes the approach of the study to levee breach analysis and the use of satellites for breach initiation analysis, both adopted within the SAFElevee project.

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Section: Determining Erosion Mechanisms and Rates Of Levee Materialsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Overflow or Overtopping Resistance Of Grassmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the importance of analyzing flood defense failures

et al. 2016

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“…On an approximate 50 m long stretch of embankment along the river Scheldt near Schellebelle in Belgium, two tests were performed on breach initiation due to wave overtopping and overflow using respectively the 4m wide simulators developed by Van der Meer (2012) and the 2m wide overflow simulator developed by Delft University of Technology (Van Damme et al, 2016). The purpose of this experiment was to obtain more knowledge about initial failure and breaching processes of dikes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Changes Along a Dike Landside Slope Sampled by 4d High Resolution Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Herrero-Huertaa

Lindenbergh

Ponsioen

et al. 2016

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Emergence of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology provides new tools for geomorphologic studies improving spatial and temporal resolution of data sampling hydrogeological instability phenomena. Specifically, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) collects high resolution 3D point clouds allowing more accurate monitoring of erosion rates and processes, and thus, quantify the geomorphologic change on vertical landforms like dike landside slopes. Even so, TLS captures observations rapidly and automatically but unselectively. In this research, we demonstrate the potential of TLS for morphological change detection, profile creation and time series analysis in an emergency simulation for characterizing and monitoring slope movements in a dike. The experiment was performed near Schellebelle (Belgium) in November 2015, using a Leica Scan Station C10. Wave overtopping and overflow over a dike were simulated whereby the loading conditions were incrementally increased and 14 successful scans were performed. The aim of the present study is to analyse short-term morphological dynamic processes and the spatial distribution of erosion and deposition areas along a dike landside slope. As a result, we are able to quantify the eroded material coming from the impact on the terrain induced by wave overtopping which caused the dike failure in a few minutes in normal storm scenarios (Q = 25 l/s/m) as 1.24 m 3 . As this shows that the amount of erosion is measurable using close range techniques; the amount and rate of erosion could be monitored to predict dike collapse in emergency situation. The results confirm the feasibility of the proposed methodology, providing scalability to a comprehensive analysis over a large extension of a dike (tens of meters).

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“…With the Dutch wave overtopping simulator (Dutch WOS) erosion tests on real dikes were made possible [76][77][78][79]. Investigations on artificial research dikes [80] and tests on top layers in planter trays with the fixed US wave overtopping simulator (US WOS) [81,82] complete the portfolio of overflow and wave overtopping erosion tests on vegetated dikes.…”

Section: Erosion Resistance Against Overflow and Wave Overtoppingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While design guidance conservatively recommends tolerable overtopping discharges of 5 l/(sm) with significant wave heights of H m0 = 1-3 m for maintained and closed grass covers [83], physical model tests and in-situ analyses show that a good grass cover is generally able to resist mean wave overtopping discharges up to 30 l/(sm) or higher [75,76,78,82]. Weak points, such as rabbit holes, trees or poor grass condition, reduce the erosion resistance drastically [78,79,82].…”

Section: Erosion Resistance Against Overflow and Wave Overtoppingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Ecological Value of Sea Dikes

Scheres¹,

Schüttrumpf²

2019

Water

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Sea dikes protect low-lying hinterlands along many coasts all around the world. Commonly, they are designed as embankments with grass covers or grey revetments accounting for the prevailing hydraulic loads. So far, incorporation of ecological aspects in the dike design is limited. With regard to increasing environmental awareness and climate change adaptation needs, the present study reviews methods for ecological enhancement of sea dikes and discusses limitations and challenges related to these methods. In doing so, one key aspect is to maintain dike safety while increasing the ecological value. Potential for ecological enhancement of sea dikes has been found regarding natural or nature-based solutions in the foreshore, dike surface protection measures (vegetated dike covers, hard revetments and dike roads) and the dike geometry. While natural and nature-based solutions in the foreland are investigated thoroughly, so far only few experiences with ecological enhancements of the dike structure itself were gained resulting in uncertainties and knowledge gaps concerning the implementation and efficiency. Additional to technical uncertainties, engineers and ecologists meet the challenge of interdisciplinary collaboration under consideration of societal needs and expectations.

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Comparing overflow and wave-overtopping induced breach initiation mechanisms in an embankment breach experiment

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

On the importance of analyzing flood defense failures

On the importance of analyzing flood defense failures

Morphological Changes Along a Dike Landside Slope Sampled by 4d High Resolution Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Enhancing the Ecological Value of Sea Dikes

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