Comparing regional stove‐usage patterns and using those patterns to model indoor air quality impacts

Abstract

Monitoring improved cookstove adoption and usage in developing countries can help anticipate potential health and environmental benefits that may result from household energy interventions. This study explores stove-usage monitor (SUM)-derived (38 stoves, 1007 monitoring days). Traditional stove usage was found to be generally similar among four seemingly disparate countries in terms of cooking habits, with average usage of between 171 and 257 minutes per day for the most-used stoves. In Honduras, where survey-based usage data were also collected, there was only modest agreement between sensor data and self-reported user data. For Indian homes, we combined stove-usage data with a single-zone Monte Carlo box model to estimate kitchen-level PM 2.5 and CO concentrations under various scenarios of cleaner cookstove adoption. We defined clean cookstove performance based on the International Standards Organization (ISO) voluntary guidelines. Model results showed that even with 75% displacement of traditional stoves with the cleanest available stove (ISO tier-5), World Health Organization 24 hours PM 2.5 standards were exceeded in 96.4% of model runs, underscoring the importance of full displacement. K E Y W O R D Sair quality, cookstove, exposure modeling, LMIC, Single-zone box model, stove usage

Modeling approaches and performance for estimating personal exposure to household air pollution: A case study in Kenya

“…The model also overestimates the measured kitchen concentrations (~10‐fold for PM 2.5 ) and (~6‐fold for CO). This bias is similar to what was reported by Piedrahita et al 42 and Johnson et al, 43 who both found the model to overestimate measured concentrations in the kitchen. There are several reasons for this potential bias, the most likely being due to the model assumptions that all emitted pollutants instantaneously and perfectly mix throughout the room.…”

Household Air Pollution and High Blood Pressure: A Secondary Analysis of the 2016 Albania Demographic Health and Survey Dataset

“…The DHS data do not include information on other or secondary cooking fuels in the household. Some households reported using more than one fuel, which would lead to misclassification in the exposure definition and bias the estimated associations [ 41 ] The study did not include information on ambient air pollution, which may also be associated with high blood pressure. There was little or no information on the use of blood pressure medication.…”

Pay-as-you-go liquefied petroleum gas supports sustainable clean cooking in Kenyan informal urban settlement during COVID-19 lockdown

“…Given the extra asset costs associated with a PAYG model, monitoring of multiple years of cooking patterns under such model is needed to understand its ability to sustain use of LPG over time. Previous studies containing objective stove use measurements have typically utilized temperature sensors [35] , [36] , with the temperature data being dichotomized into ‘stove use’ or ‘non-use’ using advanced algorithms [37] , including machine learning [38] . PAYG LPG smart meter technology has the advantage of real-time recording of the quantity (kilograms) of LPG consumed and length of time the smart meter was in use.…”