Comparing Source-Based and Gist-Based False Recognition in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease.

Pierce, Benton H.; Sullivan, Alison L.; Schacter, Daniel L.; Budson, Andrew E.

doi:10.1037/0894-4105.19.4.411

Cited by 56 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Moreover, younger adults make fewer false alarms for repeatedly studied word lists, indicating an enhancement of item specific information; in contrast, older adults show no suppression of false alarms for repeatedly studied lists (Kensinger and Schacter, 1999). These findings are suggestive of a reduced ability to use recollection of the study list to oppose the build-up of gist (Kensinger and Schacter, 1999; Pierce et al, 2005). Similarly, increasing the category size of a studied list, and thus the strength of the gist trace, negatively influences memory accuracy more for older compared to younger adults (Koutstaal and Schacter, 1997; Pidgeon and Morcom, 2014).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of False Memory Formation With Agementioning

confidence: 99%

False memories with age: Neural and cognitive underpinnings

2016

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As we age we become increasingly susceptible to memory distortions and inaccuracies. Over the past decade numerous neuroimaging studies have attempted to illuminate the neural underpinnings of aging and false memory. Here we review these studies, and link their findings with those concerning the cognitive properties of age-related changes in memory accuracy. Collectively this evidence points towards a prominent role for age-related declines in medial temporal and prefrontal brain areas, and corresponding impairments in associative binding and strategic monitoring. A resulting cascade of cognitive changes contributes to the heightened vulnerability to false memories with age, including reduced recollective ability, a reliance on gist information and familiarity-based monitoring mechanisms, as well as a reduced ability to inhibit irrelevant information and erroneous binding of features between memory traces. We consider both theoretical and applied implications of research on aging and false memories, as well as questions remaining to be addressed in future research.

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Section: Mechanisms Of False Memory Formation With Agementioning

confidence: 99%

False memories with age: Neural and cognitive underpinnings

2016

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“…These results thus suggest that Alzheimer's patients have difficulties in suppressing false recognition of semantic associates using recollection. Pierce et al [55] used a different paradigm, originally proposed by Smith et al [56] in which recollection of source information is needed to avoid intruding presented exemplars from categorized lists. Alzheimer's patients were unable to use recollection to avoid intrusions.…”

Section: Memory For Both Gist and Detail Information Decreases Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory and Consciousness in Alzheimers Disease

Souchay¹,

Moulin²

2009

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Human memory can be split into familiarity and recollection processes which contribute to different aspects of memory function. These separate processes result in different experiential states. In this review, we examine how this dominant theoretical framework can explain the subjective experience of people with Alzheimer's disease, the profile of their memory impairments and their inability to reflect on their performance metacognitively. We conclude with a brief overview of the brain regions supporting conscious experience of memory, and propose that the memory and awareness deficits seen in Alzheimer's disease could be conceived of as a deficit in autonoetic consciousness. A future priority for research is to take these robust constructs into research programmes examining rehabilitation and pharmacological intervention.

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“…Specifically, it is well established that recall tasks are reliable predictors of transitions to AD among older adults (for reviews, see Petersen et al, 1999;Spaan et al, 2004), and more recently, it has been found that the predictive power of recall tasks increases when they stress semantic processing (e.g., Benedict, Schretlen, Groninger, & Brandt, 1998). This has prompted the hypothesis that a hallmark of transition to AD is increasing difficulties with semantic processing (e.g., Budson et al, 2002Budson et al, , 2003Pierce, Sullivan, Schacter, & Budson, 2005;Reyna & Mills, 2007). Under that hypothesis, reconstruction parameters ought to have lower values in AD patients than in healthy older adults because those parameters measure the processing of items' semantic content (Reyna & Mills, 2007).…”

Section: Fixed-trials Implementation Comparisons Of Healthy and Impaimentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichotomous processes in early memory development, aging, and neurocognitive impairment: A unified theory.

Brainerd¹,

Reyna²,

Howe³

2009

Psychological Review

182

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link IN PRESS: Psychological Review AbstractOne of the most extensively investigated topics in the adult memory literature, dual memory processes, has had virtually no impact on the study of early memory development. We remove the key obstacles to such research by formulating a trichotomous theory of recall that combines the traditional dual processes of recollection and familiarity with a reconstruction process. The theory is then embedded in a hidden Markov model that measures all three processes with low-burden tasks that are appropriate for even young children. These techniques are applied to a large corpus of developmental studies of recall, yielding stable findings about the emergence of dual memory processes between childhood and young adulthood and generating tests of many theoretical predictions. The techniques are extended to the study of healthy aging and to the memory sequelae of common forms of cognitive impairment, resulting in a theoretical framework that is unified over four major domains of memory research: early development, mainstream adult research, aging, and cognitive impairment. The techniques are also extended to recognition, creating a unified dual-process framework for recall and recognition.Keywords: memory development, dual memory processes, aging, cognitive impairment, hidden Markov models Trichotomous Processes in Early Memory Development, Aging, and Cognitive Impairment:A Unified Theory This paper has three objectives. The first is to resolve a fundamental problem in memory development research; the second is to apply that solution to a large corpus of developmental studies of recall; and the third is to extend the solution to memory changes that occur during healthy aging and in certain forms of cognitive impairment. The problem in question is the scant impact that dual-process distinctions have had on the study of early (child-to-young-adult) memory development. The result is a dramatic disparity in knowledge about dual memory processes in adults, which is vast, versus knowledge about how those processes first evolve, which is thin and inconsistent. Our solution, as will be seen, is (a) to propose a trichotomous theory of recall that subsumes traditional dual-process distinctions, (b) to implement that theory in a low-burden family of tasks that are appropriate for even very young children, and (c) to show that a new mathematical model of those tasks can be used to measure the development of trichotomous memory processes and to test theoretical predictions about them. Concerning the second objective, we show that an attractive feature of this solution is that a developmental data base exists that can be analyzed with the model, thereby closing the gap in knowledge about early memory development. With respect to the third objective, unlike early development, the study of memory changes during aging and in cognitive impairment have been strong...

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Comparing Source-Based and Gist-Based False Recognition in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease.

Cited by 56 publications

References 59 publications

False memories with age: Neural and cognitive underpinnings

False memories with age: Neural and cognitive underpinnings

Memory and Consciousness in Alzheimers Disease

Trichotomous processes in early memory development, aging, and neurocognitive impairment: A unified theory.

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