Comparing Stormwater Impacts and Costs on Three Neighborhood Plan Types

Girling, Cynthia; Kellett, Ronald

doi:10.3368/lj.21.1.100

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Previous studies of open drainage systems usually focused on site-level scale (e.g., Horner et al, 2002;Villarreal et al, 2004). Studies conducted at a larger scale have been few (Brander et al, 2004), and some studies used a modeling approach when controlled experiment samples were not available (e.g., Girling and Kellett, 2002). This study used empirical data to assess open drainage systems at a watershed scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological engineering in a new town development: Drainage design in The Woodlands, Texas

Yang

2010

Ecological Engineering

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a b s t r a c tThis paper presents a comparative study of two different drainage designs in a 10,930-ha new town development of The Woodlands, Texas. Open surface drainage by shallow grassed swales was used in the first two subdivisions that were developed with ecological approaches. Open surface drainage mimics the natural flow regime and is regarded to mitigate development impacts on watershed. In other later subdivisions, the drainage design shifted back to a conventional stormwater drainage system, that is, curb and gutter, drop inlet, and underground piping, known to concentrate stormwater and lead to downstream flooding. The objective of this study is to compare The Woodlands' two drainage systems on their correlation with downstream floods. Two sub-watersheds within The Woodlands that used different drainage designs were compared. U.S. Geological Survey stream data from the gauge station at the outlet of each sub-watershed were used for analysis. Geographic Information System was used to quantify the development conditions. Correlation analysis was performed using measured precipitation and streamflow data.Results show that open drainage watershed generated less storm runoff than the conventional drainage watershed, given the similar impervious area in both watersheds. Furthermore, the open surface drainage watershed responded to rainfall in a way similar to its predevelopment natural forest conditions, indicating effective flood mitigation post development. In contrast, in the conventional drainage watershed, the precipitation-streamflow correlations increased enormously after development. The open drainage system presents an advantage over the conventional drainage one in mitigating flood problems in urban development.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological engineering in a new town development: Drainage design in The Woodlands, Texas

Yang

2010

Ecological Engineering

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“…The process was completed by using 2003 Fenton Township parcels and road centerlines, and by applying the prediction method presented above to the 1992 land-cover maps. Therefore, unlike Girling and Kellet (2002) we did not create new designs but instead assumed that future developments would maintain a character similar to existing developments.…”

Section: Evaluating the Predictive Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Another challenge of that study is its applicability to other locations. Girling and Kellet's (2002) single-site case study provides encouragement for residential developments that contain significant areas of open space based upon storm water quantity and quality issues. Expanding the number of sites would be helpful in understanding how variations between sites influence the outcomes and this would help us to generalize the initial findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Girling and Kellet (2002) conducted a comparison of how residential design impacted storm water flows on a single site. They simulated the application of three subdivision designs (conventional low density, mixed-use medium density, and mixed-use lower density open-space design) to measure how design influenced storm water peak flow and stream nutrient loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preserving natural features: A GIS-based evaluation of a local open-space ordinance

Taylor

Brown

Larsen

2007

Landscape and Urban Planning

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“…They document how “new urban developments are more likely to incorporate impervious surface reduction techniques and restore degraded stream environments than conventional developments.” They appear to be suggesting that developments that are more compact enable greater options, on an overall project basis, for incorporating stormwater BMPs than do conventional developments, because less land is used per dwelling unit, and the unused land could therefore be used for BMPs. Girling and Kellett (2002) examined stormwater impacts of conventional, New Urban, and “open space” developments with relatively denser urban patterns, finding less pollutant loadings for the open space development, attributing the decreased pollution to preservation of open space. Density itself, however, is not considered as a BMP in either of these studies.…”

Section: Best Management Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Denser Greener? An Evaluation of Higher Density Development as an Urban Stormwater‐Quality Best Management Practice¹

Jacob¹,

Lopez²

2009

J American Water Resour Assoc

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A simple spreadsheet model was used to evaluate potential water quality benefits of high-density development. The question was whether the reduced land consumed by higher density development (vs. standard suburban developments) would offset the worse water quality generated by a greater amount of impervious surface in the smaller area. Total runoff volume and per acre loadings of total phosphorous, total nitrogen, and total suspended solids increased with density as expected, but per capita loadings and runoff decreased markedly with density. For a constant or given population, then, higher density can result in dramatically lower total loadings than more diffuse suburban densities. The model showed that a simple doubling of standard suburban densities [to 8 dwelling units per acre (DUA) from about 3 to 5 DUA] in most cases could do more to reduce contaminant loadings associated with urban growth than many traditional stormwater best management practices (BMPs), and that higher densities such as those associated with transit-oriented development could outperform almost all traditional BMPs, in terms of reduced loadings per a constant population. Because higher density is associated with vibrant urban life, building a better city may be the best BMP to mitigate the water quality damage that will accompany the massive urban growth expected for the next several decades.(KEY TERMS: urban areas; watersheds; urbanization; water policy; modeling; best management practices; stormwater management; watershed management.)

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Comparing Stormwater Impacts and Costs on Three Neighborhood Plan Types

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Ecological engineering in a new town development: Drainage design in The Woodlands, Texas

Ecological engineering in a new town development: Drainage design in The Woodlands, Texas

Preserving natural features: A GIS-based evaluation of a local open-space ordinance

Is Denser Greener? An Evaluation of Higher Density Development as an Urban Stormwater‐Quality Best Management Practice¹

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Comparing Stormwater Impacts and Costs on Three Neighborhood Plan Types

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Ecological engineering in a new town development: Drainage design in The Woodlands, Texas

Ecological engineering in a new town development: Drainage design in The Woodlands, Texas

Preserving natural features: A GIS-based evaluation of a local open-space ordinance

Is Denser Greener? An Evaluation of Higher Density Development as an Urban Stormwater‐Quality Best Management Practice1

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Is Denser Greener? An Evaluation of Higher Density Development as an Urban Stormwater‐Quality Best Management Practice¹