Comparing the ADA 1997 and the WHO 1999 criteria: Prevalence of Diabetes in India Study

Sadikot, S.M.; Nigam, Aruna; Das, Sidhartha; Bajaj, Sarita; Zargar, Abdul Hamid; Prasannakumar, K.M.; Sosale, Aravind; Munichoodappa, C.; Seshiah, V.; Singh, S.K.; Jamal, Anouar; Sai, Kimie; Sadasivrao, Y.; Murthy, Sandhya; Hazra, D. K.; Jain, Sanjay; Mukherjee, Sudeb; Bandyopadhay, S.; Sinha, Nirmal K.; Mishra, Rajesh; Dora, M.; Jena, Biswajit; Patra, Pradeep Kumar; Goenka, K.

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2004.04.009

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The data show that diabetes prevalence has been increasing in South Asian countries over the past three decades. These findings are consistent with other published findings of increasing trends in the Indian subcontinent (118,127,128,130,134,179), including estimates of urban prevalence as high as 15% (130). Another notable observation is the flattening, and even decrease, in diabetes prevalence in higher-income Asian countries such as Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan that all have aging populations.…”

Section: Diabetes By Asian Countrysupporting

confidence: 92%

Type 2 Diabetes in Asians: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Effectiveness of Behavioral Intervention at Individual and Population Levels

et al. 2012

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This review summarizes the current data on diabetes risk factors, prevalence, and prevention efforts in Asia and Asian migrant populations. Studies indicate that type 2 diabetes mellitus is a large and growing threat to public health in Asian populations. Furthermore, Asian subgroups (e.g., South Asians/Asian Indians, Chinese) have unique risk factor profiles for developing diabetes, which differ from other populations and between Asian ethnic groups. Lifestyle intervention programs are effective in preventing diabetes in Asians, as with other ethnicities. The strength of these findings is lessened by the lack of systematically collected data using objective measurements. Large epidemiologic studies of diabetes prevalence and risk factor profiles and translational trials identifying sustainable and culturally acceptable lifestyle programs for Asian subgroups are needed.

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Section: Diabetes By Asian Countrysupporting

confidence: 92%

Type 2 Diabetes in Asians: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Effectiveness of Behavioral Intervention at Individual and Population Levels

et al. 2012

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“…The most popular host countries for South Asians in Europe include the United Kingdom and The Netherlands while in the rest of the world the United States, Canada and Australia are leading countries 18. Dietary changes linked to urbanization include a more diverse food selection and a higher consumption of macronutrients and foods of animal origin, refined carbohydrates, processed foods, saturated and total fat and less fibre 15, 17, 19, 20. However, studies comparing rural and urban migrant South Asians are very limited.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, risk factors and complications associated with type 2 diabetes in migrant South Asians

Garduño-Diaz

Khokhar

2012

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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It is estimated that type 2 diabetes (T2D) currently affects about 246 million people worldwide, with South Asians, especially Indians, having both the largest number of cases and the fastest growing prevalence. South Asian ethnicity has been identified as a major risk factor for the development of T2D with central adiposity, insulin resistance and an unfavourable lipid profile being identified as predominant signals of alarm. Leading databases, including Web of Science, Medline, PubMed and Science Direct, were consulted and manual searches were conducted for cited references in leading diabetes-related journals. In all, 152 articles were included for the final assessment reported in this review. Genetic predisposition, central adiposity and unfavourable lifestyle, including physical inactivity and an unhealthy diet, were associated with the prevalence of T2D in migrant South Asians. 'Westernization', acculturation, socio-economic factors and lack of knowledge about the disease have also been identified as contributors to the development of T2D in this population. Higher prevalence of T2D in migrant South Asians may not be entirely attributed to genetic predisposition; hence, ethnicity and associated modifiable risk factors need further investigation. Preventive measures and appropriate interventions are currently limited by the lack of ethnic-specific cut-off points for anthropometric and biological markers, as well as by the absence of reliable methods for dietary and physical activity assessment. This article describes the prevalence rate, risk factors and complications associated with T2D in migrant South Asians living in different countries.

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“…At independence (1947) less than 15% of Indians lived in cities, now some 30% live in cities [4]. Urban Indians have a four times higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes than rural residents [5,6]. This is ascribed to higher obesity (BMI) and higher central obesity (waist circumference and WHR) in the urban residents [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiposity, inflammation and hyperglycaemia in rural and urban Indian men: Coronary Risk of Insulin Sensitivity in Indian Subjects (CRISIS) Study

et al. 2007

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to investigate whether the higher prevalence of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in urban compared with rural Indian men is related to their higher adiposity (percentage body fat) and the associated inflammatory state. Methods We studied 149 rural, 142 urban slum and 150 urban middle-class male residents (age 30-50 years), who were selected by stratified random sampling. We measured body fat (bioimpedance), waist circumference, glucose tolerance (75 g OGTT), insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR)], beta cell function (insulinogenic index) and inflammatory markers (total leucocyte count, IL-6, TNF-α and C-reactive protein). Results Adiposity, waist circumference, HOMA-IR, insulinogenic index and both fasting and 120 min plasma glucose concentrations increased progressively from rural through to urban slum and urban middle-class men. Inflammatory markers were higher in urban than in rural men. Adiposity was strongly related to HOMA-IR (r=0.57, p<0.001) and to insulinogenic index and glycaemic parameters (r=0.25, p<0.001 for both). Adiposity explained approximately two thirds of the difference in HOMA-IR between the urban middle-class men and the rural and slum residents, but its contribution to the difference in insulinogenic index and 120 min plasma glucose concentration was not significant. Inclusion of C-reactive protein, IL-6 and total leucocyte count in the models did not further explain these results, nor did the inclusion of waist circumference. There was a significant residual difference after these adjustments. Conclusions/interpretation Adiposity is a major contributor to the difference in insulin resistance between rural and urban Indian men; there was no additional contribution from inflammation or central obesity. Other unmeasured factors also seem to contribute to the metabolic differences between rural and urban men.

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Comparing the ADA 1997 and the WHO 1999 criteria: Prevalence of Diabetes in India Study

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Type 2 Diabetes in Asians: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Effectiveness of Behavioral Intervention at Individual and Population Levels

Type 2 Diabetes in Asians: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Effectiveness of Behavioral Intervention at Individual and Population Levels

Prevalence, risk factors and complications associated with type 2 diabetes in migrant South Asians

Adiposity, inflammation and hyperglycaemia in rural and urban Indian men: Coronary Risk of Insulin Sensitivity in Indian Subjects (CRISIS) Study

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