Comparing the deformation mechanism in 316 L stainless steel fabricated by hybrid and additive manufacturing

Kannan, Rangasayee; Nandwana, Peeyush; Feldhausen, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2021.129369

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Thomas Feldhausen et al [17] investigated the mechanical properties of 316 L stainless steel manufactured by additive and subtractive composite, and the results showed that the average relative porosity was reduced by 83% and the average relative elongation at break was increased by 71% for additive and subtractive composite manufacturing compared with wire and laser additive manufacturing. Rangasayee Kannan et al [18] investigated the deformation mechanism of 316 L stainless steel fabricated by laser wire deposition and additive/subtractive hybrid manufacturing, and found that the main deformation mechanism of 316 L was twinning in both additive and additive/subtractive hybrid manufacturing, while the twinning ratio obtained by hybrid manufacturing was relatively low and therefore the elongation at fracture was increased. Yanhua et al [19] studied the stress coupling mechanism of laser additive and milling subtractive hybrid manufacturing for FeCr alloy, and the results showed that milling can generate residual compressive stresses on the near surface of FeCr alloy manufactured by laser additive, and the magnitude of compressive stresses is the result of the combined effect of mechanical load and thermal load caused by milling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of additive and subtractive hybrid manufacturing process on the surface quality of 18Ni300 maraging steel

Guo

Wang

Lin

2023

Mater. Res. Express

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The effect of process parameters on the surface quality of 18Ni300 maraging steel formed by selective laser melting (SLM) was investigated. The surface modification of SLM specimens was carried out using milling as a subtraction method to study the effect of milling process parameters on the surface quality of SLM specimens processed by milling. Comparing and analyzing the surface quality after additive and subtractive, the results of the study show that the increase of laser power during SLM can improve the surface morphology, but there is always a balling effect. The surface quality gets worse when the scanning speed increases. When the laser power increases or the scanning speed decreases, the microhardness increases and the error decreases. The residual stress does not vary linearly with the change of laser power or scanning speed, and the scanning speed has a greater effect on the residual stress than the laser power. The best surface quality is achieved at a laser power of 180 W and a scanning speed of 300 mm/s. Laser power and scanning speed had no significant effect on the microstructure of SLM-formed specimens. In the milling process, an increase in the feed rate will make the surface quality worse, and an increase in the cutting speed will make the surface quality better. The surface quality was best when the cutting speed was 10m/min and the feed rate was 36mm/min. The grain refinement effect is weakened when the feed rate is increased, and the grain refinement effect is enhanced when the cutting speed is increased. The surface quality of SLM-formed maraging steel specimens improved to some extent after milling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of additive and subtractive hybrid manufacturing process on the surface quality of 18Ni300 maraging steel

Guo

Wang

Lin

2023

Mater. Res. Express

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“…Creating features that enable different types of joining methods and features that improve the local properties of the sheet are two of the major applications for modifying aluminum sheet. In the first case, adding a dissimilar material at the area of a joint may ease the joining of the aluminum plate to a part made of a different material, such as a structural steel member [1]. In the second case, adding additional material or geometric features can increase the local stiffness of a sheet panel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Form-and-Print Processing of Wrought Aluminum Alloys for Industrial Applications

Knapp,

Brown,

Paramanathan

et al. 2023

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Conventional manufacturing of wrought aluminum alloys generally involves rolling and forming of sheets of aluminum into the finished product. While these processes rapidly produce parts, produced parts are inherently limited to uniform thicknesses, specific geometries, and homogeneous material properties. Localized processing of formed parts could help overcome some of the geometric limitations imposed by forming, as well as allow for the possibility for localized property variation. Here, we present results from studies on the "Form-and-Print" process that uses additive manufacturing to locally deposit material where it is needed. In the context of these results, we discuss its viability for industrial applications and the key challenges facing the technology.

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“…It is difficult for AM parts to achieveforged properties and this can be potentially overcome by introducing a forging step in a hybrid AM route that could create a near net shape component with improved local property [9].To our best knowledge, hybrid AMand forging studiesare limited and have been mainly investigated onsteelbase [10][11][12] and titanium-base alloys [9,13].Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of hybrid AM and forging processeson the crack/defect reduction andthe mechanical properties of AA7075.The influence of SLM processing parameters on the crack morphology is investigated and the optimum processing parameters to achieve minimum elemental evaporation are determined.The effect of the forging temperatures and solution heat treatment sequences on the crack closure and mechanical properties is investigated.Lastly, the microstructure in the vicinity of the crack is investigated after hot forging and the different heat treatment sequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Hot Forging on the Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured 7075 Aluminium Alloy Preform through Crack Closure

Tan¹,

Fong²,

Zhu³

et al. 2022

Asian Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology (ASPEN 2022)

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Additive manufacturing (AM) has become a research hotspot since the first introduction of the layer-by-layer 3D printing technique, mainly due to the benefits of near net shape production, zero die cost, low buy-to-fly ratio, and flexibility for complex components creation. However, in the metal AM production, especially for 7000 series aluminium alloy, the mechanical properties are adversely affected by the presence of defects like porosities, cracks, oxidation, and evaporation of volatile alloying elements. In this study, we proposed a potential solution to enhance the mechanical properties of aluminium alloy, which is by sequential hybrid AM, combining the selective laser melting (SLM) and forging processes. One benefitof choosing the hybrid route is the reduction of forging steps as would have been required in the traditional forging process, in which a near net shape preform can be formed by SLM, while the poor mechanical properties of SLMsamples can be simultaneously improved by forgingto achieve near forged properties. To minimize elemental evaporation, the highest laser scanning speed and the lowest laser power were selectedfor the SLM process, but at the expense of developing severe hot cracking in the material. To close the cracks, the SLM fabricatedpreformis subjected toforging at the temperatures of 200 ºC and 400 ºCwith solution heat treatment performed either before or after forging, followed by a final artificial aging heat treatment. Under the observation of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), it was found that forging before heat treatment will lead tobetter crack closure and overall defect reduction. From the results of the tensile tests, forging significantly improved the mechanical properties of the alloy, resulting in better yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of 279 MPa, 349 MPa, and 5.2 % respectively than the as-builtpreform. Hence,hybrid AM with subsequent forging can be considered a promising solution to enhance the mechanical properties of AM products by greatly reducing the density of cracks.

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Comparing the deformation mechanism in 316 L stainless steel fabricated by hybrid and additive manufacturing

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of additive and subtractive hybrid manufacturing process on the surface quality of 18Ni300 maraging steel

Effect of additive and subtractive hybrid manufacturing process on the surface quality of 18Ni300 maraging steel

Investigation of Form-and-Print Processing of Wrought Aluminum Alloys for Industrial Applications

The Effect of Hot Forging on the Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured 7075 Aluminium Alloy Preform through Crack Closure

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