Comparing the effects of heat stress and mastitis on ovarian function in lactating cows: basic and applied aspects

Roth, Zvi; Wolfenson, D.

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.02.013

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Similarly, when heifers were infected 9 d before a synchronized estrus, luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility was decreased, there was a delay from ovulation to the progesterone rise, and subsequent progesterone levels were lower [28,31]. These results align with studies showing that various types of stress can either delay or inhibit ovulation mechanisms [32,33], while both heat stress and intramammary infection can reduce follicular steroidogenesis, disrupt follicular dominance, and reduce the pre-ovulatory LH surge [34]. Any acute infection occurring at this critical stage of the estrous cycle is likely to have a similar effect.…”

Section: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virussupporting

confidence: 64%

Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility

et al. 2020

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a b s t r a c tMany viral diseases are endemic in cattle populations worldwide. The ability of many viruses to cross the placenta and cause abortions and fetal malformations is well understood. There is also significant evidence that viral infections have additional actions in dairy cows, which are reflected in reduced conception rates. These effects are, however, highly dependent on the time at which an individual animal first contracts the disease and are less easy to quantify. This paper reviews the evidence relating to five viruses that can affect fertility, together with their potential mechanisms of action. Acute infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in mid-gestation increases abortion rates or causes the birth of persistently infected calves. BVDV infections closer to the time of breeding can have direct effects on the ovaries and uterine endometrium, which cause estrous cycle irregularities and early embryo mortality. Fertility may also be reduced by BVDV-induced immunosuppression, which increases the susceptibility to bacterial infections. Bovine herpesvirus (BHV)-1 is most common in pre-pubertal heifers, and can slow their growth, delay breeding, and increase the age at first calving. Previously infected animals subsequently show reduced fertility. Although this may be associated with lung damage, ovarian lesions have also been reported. Both BHV-1 and BHV-4 remain latent in the host following initial infection and may be reactivated later by stress, for example associated with calving and early lactation. While BHV-4 infection alone may not reduce fertility, it appears to act as a co-factor with established bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes to promote the development of endometritis and delay uterine repair mechanisms after calving. Both Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) are transmitted by insect vectors and lead to increased abortion rates and congenital malformations. BTV-8 also impairs the development of hatched blastocysts; furthermore, infection around the time of breeding with either virus appears to reduce conception rates. Although the reductions in conception rates are often difficult to quantify, they are nevertheless sufficient to cause economic losses, which help to justify the benefits of vaccination and eradication schemes.

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Section: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virussupporting

confidence: 64%

Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility

et al. 2020

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“…In ovariectomized ewes, induced hyperthermia (adjusted to result 7in rectal temperature 1.2°C higher than control) caused a decrease in plasma LH and an increase in plasma PRL on Day 2 and Day 3 after heat exposure, respectively (Schillo, Alliston, & Malven, ). In dairy cows, HS occurring during the summer in breeding locations with a hot climate decreased the pulsatile secretion of LH (Wise et al, ) and suppressed the preovulatory LH surge (Gilad, Meidan, Berman, Graber, & Wolfenson, ), with delay or inhibition of ovulation (Roth & Wolfenson, ). In goats, induced HS (38°C for 48 hr) decreased follicular response to pulsatile LH stimulation, evaluated in vivo via estradiol secretion after gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) administration (Kanai, Yagyu, & Shimizu, ).…”

Section: Reproductive Endocrinologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat stress, a serious threat to reproductive function in animals and humans

Boni

2019

Molecular Reproduction Devel

106

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Global warming represents a major stressful environmental condition that compromises the reproductive efficiency of animals and humans via a rise of body temperature above its physiological homeothermic point (heat stress [HS]). The injuries caused by HS on reproductive function involves both male and female components, fertilization mechanisms as well as the early and late stages of embryofetal development. This occurrence causes great economic damage in livestock, and, in wild animals creates selective pressure towards the advantages of better-adapted genotypes to the detriment of others. Humans undergo several types of stress, including heat, and these represent putative causes of ongoing progressive decay in procreation; an increasing number of remedies in the form of antioxidant preparations are now being proposed to counteract the effects of stress. This review aims to describe the results of the most recent studies that aimed to highlight these effects and to draw information on the mechanisms acting as the basis of this problem from a comparative analysis. K E Y W O R D S follicle, global warming, heat stress, mitochondria, oocyte, reproductive activity, spermatozoa Mol Reprod Dev. 2019;86:1307-1323.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/mrd

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“…Additionally, follicle growth (Herath et al 2007), and oocyte and embryonic development (Soto et al 2003) are also hampered by endotoxins. Finally, it should be noted that heat stress (Roth and Wolfenson 2016) and subclinical ketosis (Albaaj et al 2017) seem to have an additive deleterious effect together with CM on fertility of dairy cows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of periparturient events, mastitis, lameness and ketosis on reproductive performance of Holstein cows in a hot environment

Mellado

García²,

Deras

et al. 2018

Austral j. vet. sci.

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ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to determine the association among periparturient events such as mastitis, lameness (infectious and non-infectious) and ketosis and the reproductive performance of high producing Holstein cows in a hot environment. The health status and reproductive data variables were recorded from 6,566 completed lactations in a large dairy operation. A logistic regression model with the stepwise procedure was used, considering the occurrence of the health problems during the pre-breeding period as fixed effect risk factors and reproductive variables as dependent variables. Pregnancy rate of cows contracting clinical mastitis (CM) around the period of first inseminations was five percentage points lower than cows without this disease. Cows with CM shortly before or after the first service had twice the risk of requiring more than three services per pregnancy than cows with healthy udders. Cows experiencing abortion, laminitis or metritis were two times more likely to require >3 services per pregnancy than cows not experiencing these reproductive disorders. Cows experiencing lameness, mastitis and metritis presented a significantly longer interval between calving and pregnancy compared to healthy cows. Ketosis and lameness increased the odds of a cow of being inseminated for the first time after 70 days in milk. In conclusion, these results suggest that abortion, ketosis, CM, retained placenta (RP), metritis, and lameness are associated with decreased reproductive performance in high producing Holstein cows subjected to thermal stress.

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Comparing the effects of heat stress and mastitis on ovarian function in lactating cows: basic and applied aspects

Cited by 33 publications

References 98 publications

Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility

Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility

Heat stress, a serious threat to reproductive function in animals and humans

The effects of periparturient events, mastitis, lameness and ketosis on reproductive performance of Holstein cows in a hot environment

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