Comparing the space‐time patterns of high‐risk areas in different waves of COVID‐19 in Hong Kong

Kan, Zihan; Kwan, Mei‐Po; Huang, Jianwei; Wong, Man Sing

doi:10.1111/tgis.12800

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…One possible reason is that Sham Shui Po is a neighborhood with many old buildings, which are potential hotbeds of COVID-19 transmission [ 41 ]. Specifically, the neighborhood had suffered repeated COVID-19 outbreaks from January 2020 to May 2021 [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Therefore, the government implemented strict restriction measures (i.e., lockdown of several block areas) in the neighborhood when a COVID-19 outbreak happened.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that Hong Kong had suffered four different waves of COVID-19 outbreaks from January 2020 to May 2021, which reported less than 15,000 total confirmed cases. In addition, Sham Shui Po has been a high-risk neighborhood during the pandemic because it has suffered repeated COVID-19 outbreaks from January 2020 to May 2021 [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Meanwhile, Tin Shui Wai was a low-risk neighborhood for COVID-19 between January 2020 and May 2021.…”

Section: Dataset and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the Influence of Housing Conditions and Daily Greenspace Exposure on People’s Perceived COVID-19 Risk and Distress

Huang

Kwan

2022

IJERPH

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Many people have worried about COVID-19 infection, job loss, income reduction, and family conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some social groups may be particularly vulnerable due to their residential neighborhoods and daily activities. On the other hand, people’s daily exposure to greenspace offers promising pathways for reducing these worries associated with COVID-19. Using data collected with a questionnaire and a two-day activity diary from two typical neighborhoods in Hong Kong, this study examines how people’s housing conditions and daily greenspace exposure affect their perceived COVID-19 risk and distress (i.e., worries about job loss, income reduction, and family conflict) during the pandemic. First, the study compares people’s perceived COVID-19 risk and distress based on their residential neighborhoods. Further, it examines the associations between people’s perceived COVID-19 risk and distress with their housing conditions and daily greenspace exposure using ordinal logistic regression models. The results indicate that living in a high-risk neighborhood, being married, renting a residential unit, and living in a large household are significantly associated with a higher neighborhood-based perceived COVID-19 risk and distress during the pandemic. In addition, people also reported lower mobility-based perceived COVID-19 risk when compared to their neighborhood-based perceived COVID-19 risk, while they still have a high perceived COVID-19 risk in their occupational venues if they have to work in a high-risk district (e.g., Kowloon). Lastly, daily greenspace exposure (i.e., woodland) could reduce people’s perceived COVID-19 risk and distress. These results have important implications for the public health authority when formulating the measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dataset and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Influence of Housing Conditions and Daily Greenspace Exposure on People’s Perceived COVID-19 Risk and Distress

Huang

Kwan

2022

IJERPH

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“…In Hong Kong, after the first confirmed case appeared in January 2020, a smaller second wave followed during March–April 2020. 13 From July through August, COVID-19 cases rose sharply following identification of imported cases. The biggest epidemic wave starting from late November 2020 in Hong Kong was originated from clusters of cases linked to several dance clubs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemic fatigue and attenuated impact of avoidance behaviours against COVID-19 transmission in Hong Kong by cross-sectional telephone surveys

Gao

Tsang

et al. 2021

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the attenuated impact of reported avoidance behaviours adherence on the transmission of COVID-19 through cross-sectional surveys in Hong Kong, in order to make up for the lack of research on avoidance behaviours fatigue.Design40 cross-sectional telephone surveys.SettingAll districts in Hong Kong.Participants31 332 Cantonese or English-speaking participants at age of 18 years or above.MethodsWe collected data on behaviours and estimated the average effective reproduction number (Rt) among the Hong Kong adult population during the COVID-19 epidemic wave in November–December 2020 and compared with the preceding epidemic in June–July 2020.ResultsWe observed a reduction in adherence to voluntary avoidance behaviours due to pandemic fatigue, but continued adherence to regulated avoidance behaviours. The average Rt during the post-work from home period was higher in November–December wave with estimated Rt of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.75 to 0.87) compared with the June–July wave with an Rt of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.60 to 0.75).ConclusionsThe declined effectiveness of social distancing interventions in reducing COVID-19 transmission was associated with fatigue with voluntary avoidance behaviours in Hong Kong population, implying a need for the government to reinvigorate the public to maintain effective pandemic control.

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“…Such areas have long been recognized as the commercial and political center of Hong Kong ( Yu and Liu, 2021 ). The spatial shifts of spreading hotspots deliver critical evidence to illustrate that COVID-19 outbreaks may be highly correlated to location-specific characteristics ( Franch-Pardo et al, 2020 ; Kan et al, 2021 ). In addition, the log-odds ratio provides an intuitive metric to visualize the spatial heterogeneities of incidence rate between two epidemic waves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Saito et al. (2020) presented a brief comparison of the severity and patience characteristics of the first and second waves in Japan, while Kan et al (2021) introduced a space-time scan statistic technique to detect the high-risk areas of COVID-19 cases reported in the first three outbreak waves in Hong Kong.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variations of the third and fourth COVID-19 waves in Hong Kong: A comparative study using built environment and socio-demographic characteristics

Zhang

Liu

2022

Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science

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Since the first confirmed case was reported in January 2020, Hong Kong has experienced multiple waves of COVID-19 outbreaks. Recent literature has explored the spatial patterns of disease incidence and their relationships with the built environment and demographic characteristics. Nonetheless, few studies aim at the comparative patterns of different epidemic waves occurring in the same spatial context. This study analyses spatial patterns of the third and fourth COVID-19 epidemic waves and then evaluates the spatial relationship between case incidence and built environment and socio-demographic characteristics. By collecting local-related cases, this study incorporates a two-fold analytical strategy: (1) Using rank-size distribution and log-odd ratio to depict the spatial pattern of COVID-19 incidence rates; (2) through global and local regression models, investigating incidence’s associations with the urban built environment and socio-demographic characteristics. The results reveal that the two different epidemic waves have far distinct spatial tendencies to their infection risk factors, reflecting location-specific associations with the built environments and socio-demographics. Collectively, we discover that the third and fourth COVID-19 waves are likely associated with residential context and urban activities, respectively. Practical implications are discussed that would be of interest to policymakers and health professionals.

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Comparing the space‐time patterns of high‐risk areas in different waves of COVID‐19 in Hong Kong

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Examining the Influence of Housing Conditions and Daily Greenspace Exposure on People’s Perceived COVID-19 Risk and Distress

Examining the Influence of Housing Conditions and Daily Greenspace Exposure on People’s Perceived COVID-19 Risk and Distress

Pandemic fatigue and attenuated impact of avoidance behaviours against COVID-19 transmission in Hong Kong by cross-sectional telephone surveys

Spatial variations of the third and fourth COVID-19 waves in Hong Kong: A comparative study using built environment and socio-demographic characteristics

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