Comparision of efficacy of two experimental bovine leptospira vaccines under laboratory and field

Balakrishnan, G.; Roy, Parimal

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.03.002

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The efficacy of the swine or bovidae leptospirosis vaccines is highly questionable because they induce low production of protective antibodies and are rarely produced with the strains that affect the herds. 4 Despite the existence of promising studies related to the production of a universal vaccine that can provide cross-protection between different serovars and reduce renal colonization, 5 the vaccines on the market induce a short-duration immunity and generally do not prevent disease transmission. 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of leptospiral commercial vaccines on the protection against an autochtonous strain recovered in Brazil

Sonada

Azevêdo

Soto

et al. 2018

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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In swine and bovines, leptospirosis prevention and control is carried out via vaccination of susceptible animals using bacterins. However, the efficiency of leptospirosis vaccines has been questioned. This work aimed to investigate the potency of five leptospirosis vaccines sold commercially in Brazil, challenging the animals with one autochthonous strain of Leptospira, Canicola serovar, denoted LO4, isolated from swine. The standard protocol was followed, and renal carriers of Leptospira were identified among the surviving animals by culture and PCR. Of the five vaccines tested, only two proved effective. None of the surviving animals was positive by culture; however, one animal was positive by PCR. Three of the five vaccines sold commercially in Brazil for the immunization of swine or bovines failed the test of the efficacy to protect the vaccinated animals following challenge with an autochthonous Leptospira strain, Canicola serovar. The two vaccines provided protection against the renal carrier state in the surviving animals. The criteria used to produce leptospirosis bacterins sold commercially in Brazil must be reviewed. The industry should support researches on leptospiral vaccinology to improve the quality of the present vaccines and discover new immunogenic strains, because it is known that vaccination is one of the most important tools to increase the reproduction rates in livestock.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of leptospiral commercial vaccines on the protection against an autochtonous strain recovered in Brazil

Sonada

Azevêdo

Soto

et al. 2018

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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“…This is similar to other reports using similar adjuvants. The use of the Montanide ISA 206 emulsion adjuvant greatly enhanced mean MAT titers to an experimental Leptospira bacterin containing locally relevant serovars in India (6). These titers were present as soon as 7 days postimmunization and persisted for the 6 months of that study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Bovine Immune Response to Vaccination and Infection with Leptospira borgpetersenii Serovar Hardjo

Wilson-Welder

Alt

Nally

et al. 2021

mSphere

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This study examined the humoral and cellular response of cattle vaccinated with two commercial leptospiral vaccines, Leptavoid and Spirovac, and a novel bacterin vaccine using Seppic Montanide oil emulsion adjuvant. Vaccination was followed by experimental challenge. All vaccinated cattle were protected from colonization of the kidney and shedding of Leptospira in urine, as detected by culture and immunofluorescence assay. Agglutinating antibody titers were detected in vaccinated cattle at 4 weeks following vaccination, with small anamnestic response detected following experimental challenge. Only animals vaccinated with the oil emulsion-adjuvanted bacterin produced significant IgG2 titers following vaccination, and nonvaccinated animals produced serum IgA titers after experimental challenge. CD4+ and γδ T cells from vaccinated cattle proliferated when cultured with antigen ex vivo. Cellular responses included a marked proliferation of γδ T cells immediately following experimental challenge in vaccinated cattle and release of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin 17a (IL-17a), and IL-12p40 from stimulated cells. Proliferative and cytokine responses were found not just in peripheral mononuclear cells but also in lymphocytes isolated from renal lymph nodes at 10 weeks following experimental challenge. Overall, effects of leptospirosis vaccination and infection were subtle, resulting in only modest activation of CD4+ and γδ T cells. The use of Seppic Montanide oil emulsion adjuvants may shorten the initiation of response to vaccination, which could be useful during outbreaks or in areas where leptospirosis is endemic. IMPORTANCE Leptospirosis is an underdiagnosed, underreported zoonotic disease of which domestic livestock can be carriers. As a reservoir host for Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo, cattle may present with reproductive issues, including abortion, birth of weak or infected calves, or failure to breed. Despite years of study and the availability of commercial vaccines, detailed analysis of the bovine immune response to vaccination and Leptospira challenge is lacking. This study evaluated immunologic responses to two efficacious commercial vaccines and a novel bacterin vaccine using an adjuvant chosen for enhanced cellular immune responses. Antigen-specific responsive CD4 and γδ T cells were detected following vaccination and were associated with release of inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17a after stimulation. CD4 and γδ cells increased in the first week after infection and, combined with serum antibody, may play a role in clearance of bacteria from the blood and resident tissues. Additionally, these antigen-reactive T cells were found in the regional lymph nodes following infection, indicating that memory responses may not be circulating but are still present in regional lymph nodes. The information gained in this study expands knowledge of bovine immune response to leptospirosis vaccines and infection. The use of oil emulsion adjuvants may enhance early immune responses to leptospiral bacterins, which could be useful in outbreaks or situations where leptospirosis is endemic.

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“…A few experimental attempts to develop leptospiral vaccines using a cocktail of serovars were made previously in India. However the choice of serovars in these study was not based on the extensive epidemiological data (Seshagiri Rao and Keshavamurthy, 1985;Venugopal and Ratnam, 1992;Balakrishnan and Roy, 2014;Rani Prameela et al 2015). The time taken to reach the concentration of 2 x10 8 organisms per ml for each serovar of leptospires in EMJH medium with 1% BSA was 6-7 days became 12-14 days in EMJH medium with 0.5% BSA.…”

Section: Adaptation Of Leptospires In Low Protein Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore a successful vaccine against Leptospires requires inclusion of serogroups prevalent in that geographical region (Srivastava, 2011). Although several preliminary attempts were made for developing of a successful vaccine against leptospirosis by incorporating prevalent serogroups (Seshagiri Rao and Keshavamurthy, 1985;Venugopal and Prototype Pentavalent Bovine Leptospira Vaccines Blended with Oil Adjuvant Provides Protection and Prevents... Ratnam, 1992;Balakrishnan and Roy, 2014;Rani Prameela et al, 2015) there are no commercial vaccines currently available in India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prototype Pentavalent Bovine Leptospira Vaccines Blended with Oil Adjuvant Provides Protection and Prevents Renal Colonization in Guinea Pig Model

Senthilkumar¹,

AravindhBabu²,

Ravikumar³

2021

IJAR

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Background: Leptospirosis significantly impacts the economy of livestock farmers by causing reproductive failure and production losses in bovines. The control of bovine leptospirosis requires a combination of vaccination programme, biosecurity measures and chemotherapeutic regimens. Vaccination protect the clinical diseases and reduces/prevents renal colonisation of Leptospires and in turn reduces excretion of leptospires in urine which is a major source of environmental contamination. Some serovars of leptospires require cell mediated immunity apart from humoral immunity. This study was undertaken to develop prototype vaccine with prevalent serogroups to induce humoral and cell mediated immunity. Immunogenicity of the prototype vaccines and their safety were assessed experimentally in Guinea pigs.Methods: An inactivated oil adjuvant prototype pentavalent bovine leptospira vaccines with serogroups Australis, Hebdomadis, Hardjo, Javanica and Pomona which were prevalent in Tamil Nadu were developed and compared with the aluminium hydroxide gel adjuvant vaccine. The humoral immune response was assessed measuring antibodies by Microscopic Agglutination Test and Cell Mediated Immune response was assessed by lymphocyte proliferation assay. The ability of these vaccines to protect Guinea pigs against virulent Leptospires challenge was also demonstrated.Result: The prototype vaccine blended with oil adjuvants resulted in higher protective antibody titres of more than 6.64 log2 (≥1:100) than the aluminium hydroxide adjuvant blended vaccine. The protective antibody titres lasted upto 180 days, except for serogroup Javanica (150 days). The Montanide adjuvants were able to produce cell mediated immune response for protection against serovar Hardjo. Challenge study in guinea pigs showed complete protection following vaccination using pentavalent vaccine blended with Montanide adjuvants, while the aluminium hydroxide adjuvant was able to confer only partial protection. The Montanide blended prototype vaccines were also able to prevent renal colonisation of all five serogroups. This study shows the potential of the oil adjuvant blended multivalent vaccine for use in vaccination programmes against bovine leptospirosis.

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Comparision of efficacy of two experimental bovine leptospira vaccines under laboratory and field

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Efficacy of leptospiral commercial vaccines on the protection against an autochtonous strain recovered in Brazil

Efficacy of leptospiral commercial vaccines on the protection against an autochtonous strain recovered in Brazil

Bovine Immune Response to Vaccination and Infection with Leptospira borgpetersenii Serovar Hardjo

Prototype Pentavalent Bovine Leptospira Vaccines Blended with Oil Adjuvant Provides Protection and Prevents Renal Colonization in Guinea Pig Model

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