Comparison and Contrast in Perceptual Categorization.

Hampton, James A.; Estes, Zachary; Simmons, Claire L.

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.31.6.1459

Cited by 24 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This influence also was observed to some extent when there was a two-trial gap between the preceding and current faces. Furthermore, consistent with previous research (Hampton, et al, 2005;Stewart & Brown, 2005), these identity-based sequential effects depend on the relative distance between the preceding and current stimuli, which suggests that the local sequential context is used to inform the judgments of facial identity. Accordingly, the present study reveals that in addition to the information conveyed by the faces, facial identity is judged according to preceding contextual information.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…We probed this issue by using sequential effects. Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in sequential effects, particularly during binary categorization processing (Hampton, Estes, & Simmons, 2005;Stewart, Brown, & Chater, 2002;Zotov, Jones, & Mewhort, 2011). In these studies, when a sequence of stimuli is presented, the categorization responses to the stimuli in current trials have been found to vary according to the local sequential context shaped by the immediately preceding stimuli presented one trial back.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To control for the variability in category boundaries to properly examine the effects of sequential contexts, our analyses first focused on the two highly recognizable target morphs that were closest to the category boundaries for each continuum (one morph in each identity category) because this is the region in which the strongest sequential effects were previously observed (Hampton, et al, 2005;Hsu & Yang, 2013;Stewart, et al, 2002). Moreover, for every continuum, we analyzed how categorization responses to the targets varied when the targets were preceded by the following preceding stimulus types in each identity category: the prototypes at the ends of the continuum (Pfaces), the targets themselves and the morphs (M-faces) at the mid-points of the P-faces and targets (if the exact mid points did not exist, we selected the morphs around the potential mid points but closer to the targets as the Mfaces).…”

Section: Stimulus Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One interpretation suggests that sequential effects involve the computation of similarity/dissimilarity between preceding and current stimuli to guide perceptual judgments (Stewart & Brown, 2005;Stewart, et al, 2002). An alternative interpretation argues that sequential effects reflect the consequences regarding how the local sequential context shifts participants' internal criteria to the current category representation (Hampton, et al, 2005;Zotov, et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Relative judgment in facial identity perception as revealed by sequential effects

Hsu¹,

Lee²

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Existing models of facial identity perception often assume that information conveyed by facial stimuli provides the sole basis for identity judgments, largely ignoring the involvement of contextual effects. Capitalizing on sequential effects, the present study investigates whether facial identity is judged relative to a context shaped by stimuli presented in previous trials. When categorizing a sequence of facial identities, our results demonstrated that participants' categorization of current faces varied according to the local sequential context provided by the immediately preceding faces and, to some extent, by the preceding stimuli presented two trials prior to the current trial. Moreover, this variation depended on the relative distance between the preceding and current faces. Notably, the nature of these identity-based sequential effects was qualitatively different between male and female participants. Female participants tended to respond to the current faces with the same category label as on the preceding faces. However, male participants responded with the same label only when the relative distance was small, but responded with a different label when the relative distance was increasingly large. The present study demonstrates that relative information between the preceding and current faces may be used as evidence to inform a judgment. However, this process is multifaceted rather than unitary and depends in part on participant gender.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stimulus Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Relative judgment in facial identity perception as revealed by sequential effects

Hsu¹,

Lee²

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, studies of identification and categorization conducted over the past five decades have revealed people's inability to classify or precisely estimate perceived objects independently of their preceding context (Garner, 1954;Hampton, Estes & Simmons, 2005;Holland & Lockhead, 1968;Lockhead, 2004;Medin & Schaffer, 1978;Nosofsky, 1986;Parducci, 1965;Stewart et al, 2005). These studies demonstrate that people's judgments (e.g., identification, categorization, psychophysical properties) of stimuli are strongly influenced by the corresponding aspects of preceding stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Judgments relative to patterns: How temporal sequence patterns affect judgments and memory.

Kusev

Ayton

Schaik

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. (Tversky & Kahneman, 1973) and the availability process model (Hastie & Park, 1986). We interpret these findings as reflecting the operation of a judgment heuristic sensitive to sequential patterns and offer an account for the relationship between memory and judged frequencies of sequentially encountered stimuli. Permanent repository linkKeywords: temporal-sequence patterns, frequency judgments, categorization, memory JUDGMENTS RELATIVE TO PATTERNS 3We often attempt to understand and make inductions about temporal sequences of events (e.g., busy and quiet business days, people's good and bad moods, sunny and rainy days). A long history of research analyzes how people reason about the processes underlying sequences and how they anticipate individual events in a sequence (see reviews in Ayton & Fischer, 2004;Kusev, van Schaik, Ayton, Dent & Chater, 2009;Oskarsson, van Boven, McClelland & Hastie, 2009; Sedlmeier & Betsch, 2002). Extensive research has also investigated memory for -and judgment of -the frequency of events encountered in temporal sequence (cf. Brown, 1997;Hasher & Zacks, 1979, 1984. Sensitivity to the frequency of events is crucial for judgments and decisions concerning uncertain payoffs or threats. However, very little research has explored if and how the ordering of different sorts of item in a sequence affects judgments and choices about those items. The goal of this article is to address this lacuna: we gather evidence that simple strategies effectively exploit sequence properties to compensate for the processing-capacity limitations underlying memory and judgment.Previous research has investigated different frequency estimation strategies (Brown, 1997). For example, when judging the frequency of some sort of event, participants might retrieve and count instances of the event (enumeration) or rely on memory assessment, for example by using an ease of retrieval heuristic (Tversky & Kahneman, 1973;1974). Indeed, several studies suggest that the judgments of frequency of experienced events are made according to the ease with which instances/occurrences can be brought to mind (e.g., Hastie & Park, 1986;Hertwig, Pachur & Kurzenhäuser, 2005;Tversky & Kahneman, 1973). Crucially, both enumeration and memory assessment strategies imply the expectation of a direct relationship between memory and judgment. JUDGMENTS RELATIVE TO PATTERNS 4Other accounts, related to the dual-processing theory of automatic and controlled processing (e.g., Schneider & Chein, 2003;Schneider & Shiffrin, 1977), propose that frequency information is automatically encoded with minimal demand on attentional resources (Zacks & Hasher, 2002), independently of ability to subsequently recall individual instances. In support of this view studies of the judged frequency of stimuli have established both that people are highly sensitive to the frequency with which events occur and that frequency information appears to be ...

show abstract

Comparison Versus Contrast: Task Specifics Affect Category Acquisition

Ankowski

Vlach

Sandhofer

2012

Infant and Child Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A large literature has documented that comparison and contrast lead to better performance in a variety of tasks. However, studies of comparison and contrast present contradictory conclusions as to when and how these processes benefit learners. Across four studies, we examined how the specifics of the comparison and contrast task affect performance by systematically manipulating the feature variation and category structure in a category extension task performed by 3‐year‐old and 4‐year‐old children. Studies 1 (n = 48, M = 42.6 months) and 2 (n = 48, M = 42. 4 months) investigated comparison and contrast with high‐density categories. Studies 3A (n = 60, M = 43.47 months), 3B (n = 48, M = 53. 2 months) and 4 (n = 48, M = 53.7 months) investigated comparison and contrast with low‐density categories. Results indicated both category structure and feature variation affect the efficacy of comparison and contrast. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Comparison and Contrast in Perceptual Categorization.

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

Relative judgment in facial identity perception as revealed by sequential effects

Relative judgment in facial identity perception as revealed by sequential effects

Judgments relative to patterns: How temporal sequence patterns affect judgments and memory.

Comparison Versus Contrast: Task Specifics Affect Category Acquisition

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About