Comparison and validation of the QuEChERSER mega-method for determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in foods by liquid chromatography with high-resolution and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

Taylor, Raegyn B.; Sapozhnikova, Yelena

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2022.340400

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The QuEChERSER (more than QuEChERS) method validated by Taylor et al [138] increases the polarity range of QuEChERS. The technique is essentially performed by an ACN/H 2 O extraction followed by an ultra-centrifugation to obtain the fraction for LC.…”

Section: Extraction and Clean-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

PFAS: A Review of the State of the Art, from Legislation to Analytical Approaches and Toxicological Aspects for Assessing Contamination in Food and Environment and Related Risks

Schiavone

Portesi

2023

Applied Sciences

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More than 7000 synthetic compounds known as per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are applied to food packaging and other materials to provide fat, fire, and/or water resistance properties. These compounds have exceptional environmental stability and persistence due to the strong C-F chemical bond, earning them the moniker “forever chemicals”. Emission of PFAS from industrial waste leads to water, air, and soil contamination. Due to this ubiquitous nature, combined with the fact that PFAS in humans are known to have carcinogenic and reprotoxic effects and to cause vaccine resistance and depression of the immunity system, PFAS may constitute a major threat to human health. For this reason, the attention of the scientific community and of control bodies is increasing and as a consequence legislation and the scientific literature on PFAS are constantly evolving. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art about current legislation addressing PFAS; targeted and screening method for identification, detection and quantification of PFAS; toxicity of PFAS; and contamination of environmental and food matrices and from food contact matrices. A comprehensive review of the latest scientific research and recent developments in the legislation of PFAS will provide insights into the current understanding of PFAS and its health implications. Moreover, it will serve as a valuable reference for further studies related to PFAS and could help in informing future policy decisions.

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Section: Extraction and Clean-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

PFAS: A Review of the State of the Art, from Legislation to Analytical Approaches and Toxicological Aspects for Assessing Contamination in Food and Environment and Related Risks

Schiavone

Portesi

2023

Applied Sciences

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“…Some methods can determine 10-12 analytes, [36][37][38][39][40][41] whereas others have an extended range above 20 compounds. 23,42,43 The method by Meng and coworkers exhibits the broadest scope with 45 compounds for determining PFAS in fruits and vegetables using LC-MS/MS. 43 Interestingly, the LOQs reported by these methods for PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS exhibit significant differences per commodity (Table 2).…”

Section: Risks Of Misalignment With Current Loqmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Table 3, the majority of the methods do not apply spiking of analytical standards for assessing the LOQ; only 2 among 11 laboratories report spiking for the determination of the LOQ, 23,40 thus providing experimental data for such a limit. The others apply various procedures that are based on the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the background observed in the matrix, procedural blanks, and reagent blanks, sometimes in unspecified manners.…”

Section: Risks Of Misalignment With Current Loqmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods are designed for either targeting PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS exclusively 31,35 or screening a broader range of fluorinated substances that include the four aforementioned compounds. Some methods can determine 10–12 analytes, 36–41 whereas others have an extended range above 20 compounds 23,42,43 . The method by Meng and coworkers exhibits the broadest scope with 45 compounds for determining PFAS in fruits and vegetables using LC–MS/MS 43 .…”

Section: Risks Of Misalignment With Current Loqmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the methods described in the literature for the quantitative determination of PFAS in foodstuff are based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), even if liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) appears as an attractive alternative to consider. 22,23 LC-MS/ MS methods from the literature exhibit conspicuous differences in terms of scope and performance, particularly on LOQs reported for the same matrix. Such differences pose a concern in the current context, because samples may be reported as positive (above LOQ) in a laboratory whereas they are found negative (below LOQ) in another.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inadequate definition of the limit of quantification used for the analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances in food by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry may compromise the reliability of the data requested by the European regulation

Delatour

Theurillat

Eriksen

et al. 2023

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) is a widespread technology used for the quantitative determination of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in foodstuff. Specifically, LC–MS/MS offers an attractive performance by combining the sensitivity and selectivity required by the European Union for testing perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid with maximum limits of quantification (LOQ) in the sub‐parts‐per‐billion (μg/kg) or the parts‐per‐trillion (ng/kg) domains. In this article, we highlight the important diversity in LOQ definitions applied in LC–MS/MS methods described in the literature that raise concerns about the capability of some of those to generate reliable data requested by the European regulation. Here, we point out the risk of false response or misquantification if the criteria for assessing LOQ suffer from a lack of rigor. We emphasize the need to use PFAS‐free samples spiked with the analyte(s) of interest and the application of identification criteria according to official documents for a sound measurement of the LOQ.

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Application of Low‐ and High‐resolution Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Contaminants in Food Matrices

Boti,

Koloka,

Konstantinou

2024

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Food quality and safety are becoming a top priority to consumers, food suppliers, food manufacturers, and regulators as markets become more and more globalized. The use of liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry ( LC‐MS ) has proven to be incomparable in several ways in food analysis. Most of the effective LC‐MS methods currently used involve different MS analyzers, such as triple‐quadrupole ( QqQ ), ion‐trap ( IT ), time‐of‐flight ( TOF ), or orbitrap technology for the identification and quantification of contaminants in food commodities. The analysis of food matrices for the presence of contaminants belongs to the main application areas of these technologies and requires a thorough evaluation of their strength and limitations in order to secure scientific progress in this particular area of analysis. This article focuses on gathering the knowledge and comparing LC‐MS methodologies, applying both low‐ and high‐resolution mass analyzers, for the determination of contaminants in food matrices, with a particular focus on pesticides, veterinary drugs, and per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances ( PFAS ).

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Comparison and validation of the QuEChERSER mega-method for determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in foods by liquid chromatography with high-resolution and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

Cited by 18 publications

References 54 publications

PFAS: A Review of the State of the Art, from Legislation to Analytical Approaches and Toxicological Aspects for Assessing Contamination in Food and Environment and Related Risks

PFAS: A Review of the State of the Art, from Legislation to Analytical Approaches and Toxicological Aspects for Assessing Contamination in Food and Environment and Related Risks

Inadequate definition of the limit of quantification used for the analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances in food by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry may compromise the reliability of the data requested by the European regulation

Application of Low‐ and High‐resolution Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Contaminants in Food Matrices

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