“…RME has many effects on the nasomaxillary complex other than transverse maxillary expansion and correction of crossbites. Effects of RME were studied on skeletal transverse, vertical and anteroposterior position of the nasomaxillary structures [84], [85], maxillary and mandibular transverse arch dimensions [86], [87], upper airway dimensions [88], [89], bite force, changes in the masticatory cycle and occlusal force distribution [90], swallowing [25] and condylar response [91], [92], [93], changes in head posture and scapular position, natural head position [94], enamel demineralization and white spot lesion formation [23], [57], hearing loss [95], [96], nocturnal enuresis [21], [97], [98], eruption of 3 rd molars [55], Class ll div1 [99], speech and voice function [58], [100], [101], obstructive sleep apnea(102), tongue posture [103] and Holdaway soft tissue analysis [104]. Effects of RME have also been studied on basal bone changes even in the absence of crossbites [105].…”