Comparison of activity in pontine versus medullary neurones during swallowing

Jean, André; A, Car; Roman, C

doi:10.1007/bf00237690

Cited by 62 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Based on experiments done in sheep, a group of neurons at the level of the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus is classified as sensory relay neurons. These provide sensory information from the oropharyngeal receptors to the higher nervous centers and are not part of the swallowing CPG network (27). Microelectrode recordings performed on sheep, rat, dog, cat, and monkey place the NTS in the dorsal swallowing group as part of the brainstem swallowing neurons (1,7,9,15,28,31,35,38,46,60).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of cerebral representation of occlusion and swallowing with fMRI

Mihai

Halbach

Lotze

2013

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Mihai PG, von Bohlen und Halbach O, Lotze M. Differentiation of cerebral representation of occlusion and swallowing with fMRI. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 304: G847-G854, 2013. First published March 14, 2013 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00456.2012.-Early work on representational specificity and recent findings on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) movement representation raise doubts that a specific swallow representation does exist. Additionally, during cortical stimulation TMJ movements and swallowing show a high overlap of representational areas in the primary motor cortex. It has thus been hypothesized that they overall might share the same neural structures. To differentiate these two movements, we performed a functional MRI (fMRI) study that enabled a direct comparison of functional representation of both actions in the same subject group. Effort during these tasks was controlled by skin conductance response. When balancing effort, we found a comparable neural representation pattern for both tasks but increased resources necessary to perform swallowing in direct comparison between tasks. For the first time, with the usage of fMRI, we demonstrated a representation in the brainstem for swallowing and occlusion. Increased activation for swallowing was observed in bilateral sensorimotor cortex, bilateral premotor and supplementary motor cortex, motor cingulate, thalamus, cerebellar hemispheres, left pallidum, bilateral pons, and midbrain. Peaks of activation in primary motor cortex between both conditions were about 5 mm adjacent. Brainstem activation was found corresponding to the sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, the solitary nucleus for swallowing, and the trigeminal nucleus for occlusion. Our data suggest that cerebral representation of occlusion and swallowing are spatially widely overlapping, differing predominantly with respect to the quantity of neural resources involved. Both brainstem and primary motor representation differ in location with respect to somatotopy and contribution of cranial nerve nuclei.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of cerebral representation of occlusion and swallowing with fMRI

Mihai

Halbach

Lotze

2013

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…Human swallowing represents a complex coordinated function that is highly dependent on sensory feedback [1]. The afferent input from food or saliva is important in the initiation of swallowing [2-5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional oropharyngeal sensory disruption interferes with the cortical control of swallowing

et al. 2007

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BackgroundSensory input is crucial to the initiation and modulation of swallowing. From a clinical point of view, oropharyngeal sensory deficits have been shown to be an important cause of dysphagia and aspiration in stroke patients. In the present study we therefore investigated effects of functional oropharyngeal disruption on the cortical control of swallowing. We employed whole-head MEG to study cortical activity during self-paced volitional swallowing with and without topical oropharyngeal anesthesia in ten healthy subjects. A simple swallowing screening-test confirmed that anesthesia caused swallowing difficulties with decreased swallowing speed and reduced volume per swallow in all subjects investigated. Data were analyzed by means of synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM) and the group analysis of the individual SAM data was performed using a permutation test.ResultsThe analysis of normal swallowing revealed bilateral activation of the mid-lateral primary sensorimotor cortex. Oropharyngeal anesthesia led to a pronounced decrease of both sensory and motor activation.ConclusionOur results suggest that a short-term decrease in oropharyngeal sensory input impedes the cortical control of swallowing. Apart from diminished sensory activity, a reduced activation of the primary motor cortex was found. These findings facilitate our understanding of the pathophysiology of dysphagia.

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“…In the DSG, interneurons are called the ''generator neurons'' and are responsible for the initiation and organization of the discrete/single swallow and/or rhythmical motor pattern (for sequential swallowing) [1,3,34,35,60,74]. Generator neurons exhibit a sequential or rhythmical firing pattern that parallels the motor pattern [3,5,34,74].…”

Section: Brainstem Swallowing Center or Swallowing Cpgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the initiation of the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing is different between VS and SS, the subsequent sequential and stereotyped motor activity of the pharyngeal and esophageal phases are under the control of the brainstem network for both types of swallows [3,20,[33][34][35].…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary Versus Spontaneous Swallowing in Man

2010

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This review examines the evidence regarding the clinical and neurophysiological differences between voluntary and spontaneous swallows. From the clinical point of view, voluntary swallow (VS) occurs when a human has a desire to eat or drink during the awake and aware state. Spontaneous swallow (SS) is the result of accumulated saliva and/or food remnants in the mouth. It occurs without awareness while awake and also during sleep. VS is a part of eating behavior, while SS is a type of protective reflex action. In VS, there is harmonized and orderly activation of perioral, lingual, and submental striated muscles in the oral phase. In SS, the oral phase is bypassed in most cases, although there may be partial excitation. Following the oral phase, both VS and SS have a pharyngeal phase, which is a reflex phenomenon that protects the upper airway from any escape of food and direct the swallowed material into the esophagus. This reflexive phase of swallowing should not be confused with SS. VS and SS are similar regarding their dependence on the swallowing Central Pattern Generator (CPG) at the brainstem, which receives sensory feedback from the oropharynx. There are differences in the role of the corticobulbar input between VS and SS.

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Comparison of activity in pontine versus medullary neurones during swallowing

Cited by 62 publications

References 9 publications

Differentiation of cerebral representation of occlusion and swallowing with fMRI

Differentiation of cerebral representation of occlusion and swallowing with fMRI

Functional oropharyngeal sensory disruption interferes with the cortical control of swallowing

Voluntary Versus Spontaneous Swallowing in Man

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