Comparison of amorphous InZnO and polycrystalline ZnO:Al conductive layers for CIGS solar cells

Sundaramoorthy, R.; Repins, Ingrid; Gennett, Thomas; Pern, F. J.; Albin, David S.; Li, Jian V.; DeHart, Clay; Glynn, Stephen; Perkins, John D.; Ginley, David S.; Gessert, T. A.

doi:10.1109/pvsc.2009.5411376

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Some transparent conductors are less sensitive than ZnO to moisture. Notably, indium tin oxide, fluorinated tin oxide, and amorphous indium zinc oxide are candidates [43,44], but they must be grown in such a way that they enable good cell performance while still retaining their stable properties [45][46][47].…”

Section: Issue Description Tests References Randd Needmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photovoltaic-reliability R&D toward a solar-powered world

2009

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The continued exponential growth of photovoltaic technologies paves a path to a solar-powered world, but requires continued progress toward low-cost, high-reliability, and high-performance PV systems. High reliability is an essential element in achieving low-cost solar electricity by reducing operation and maintenance (O&M) costs and by extending system lifetime and availability, but these attributes are difficult to verify at the time of installation. Utilities, financiers, homeowners, and planners are demanding this information in order to evaluate their financial risk as a prerequisite to large investments. Reliability research and development (R&D) is needed to build market confidence by improving product reliability and by improving predictions of system availability, O&M cost, and system lifetime. Universities, industry, National Labs, and other research entities can be most effective by working together and in complementary ways. The Department of Energy supports a variety of research projects to improve PV-system reliability. These projects and current reliability issues for each PV technology are surveyed.

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Section: Issue Description Tests References Randd Needmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photovoltaic-reliability R&D toward a solar-powered world

2009

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“…TCOs such as Sn:In 2 O 3 (ITO) and Al:ZnO (AZO) are well established on an industrial scale. However, the price of indium is increasing due to the rapidly growing demand of ITO, and AZO, although much cheaper than ITO, has the disadvantage of being chemically rather instable, especially in humid environment [15]. The combination of metal ions in the oxidation state 2?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent conducting Sn:ZnO films deposited from nanoparticles

Luo

Häfliger

Xie

et al. 2012

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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Homogeneous transparent conducting Sn:ZnO films on fused silica substrates were prepared by dip-coating from nanoparticle dispersions, while the nanocrystalline Sn:ZnO particles with different dopant concentrations were synthesized by microwave-assisted non-aqueous sol-gel process using Sn(IV) tert-butoxide and Zn(II) acetate as precursors and benzyl alcohol as solvent. The dopant concentration had a great impact on the electrical properties of the films. A minimum resistivity of 20.3 X cm was obtained for a porous Sn:ZnO film with initial Sn concentration of 7.5 mol% after annealing in air and post-annealing in N 2 at 600°C. The resistivity of this porous film could further be reduced to 2.6 and 0.6 X cm after densified in Sn:ZnO and Al:ZnO reaction solution, respectively. The average optical transmittance of a 400-nm-thick Sn:ZnO film densified with Sn:ZnO after the two annealing steps was 91%.

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“…As higher conductivities are reached in TCO materials, thinner films can be used in PV devices, allowing for both lower materials utilization as well as enhanced transmission, providing the motivation for increasing the conductivity of a-IZO over the typical industry standard. Further, in separate initial PV testing, a-IZO finished CIGS solar cells have demonstrated 16.4% efficiency, essentially equal to equivalent CIGS cells finished with Al-doped ZnO [2]. DC magnetron sputtering is a commonly used deposition technique for oxide materials, resulting in high deposition rates and uniform coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced superimposed sputtering of amorphous Indium Zinc Oxide transparent conductors for Energy applications

Leisch

Gallante

Berry

et al. 2010

2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference

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In this work, we investigate the use of RF, DC, and mixed RF/DC magnetron sputtering and its effect on the optoelectronic properties of amorphous Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO) films sputtered from an 87/13 wt% ceramic target. The effect of oxygen concentration in the sputter gas is examined at several RF/DC power ratios and a variety of total powers to help optimize conductivity. We find that higher conductivities can be achieved at 50% of the typical DC sputtering oxygen concentration when duplicated via mixed RF/DC sputtering. By combining the two, mixed RF/DC sputtering allows for the high deposition rates of typical DC sputter deposition, while obtaining the greater conductivities and transparencies assisted by RF sputtering.

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Comparison of amorphous InZnO and polycrystalline ZnO:Al conductive layers for CIGS solar cells

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Photovoltaic-reliability R&D toward a solar-powered world

Photovoltaic-reliability R&D toward a solar-powered world

Transparent conducting Sn:ZnO films deposited from nanoparticles

Advanced superimposed sputtering of amorphous Indium Zinc Oxide transparent conductors for Energy applications

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