Comparison of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, zinc, and creatinine concentration in 24-h and spot urine samples in women

Ilich, Jasminka Z.; Blanuša, Maja; Orlić, Željka Crnčević; Orct, Tatjana; Kostial, Krista

doi:10.1515/cclm.2009.039

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Another large study included children and measured only zinc, copper, iron, lead and cadmium. 23 Ranges have been reported for zinc 22 and iodine. 33 Generally, the ranges from our cohort agree closely with those proposed for the Reference Man and the other reported data ( Table 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Twenty-four-hour urinary trace element excretion: reference intervals and interpretive issues

et al. 2012

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Background: Introduction of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) into clinical laboratories has led to an increasing application of analyses to risk assessment for toxicity from environmental exposure to trace elements, and in occupational monitoring. Interpretation of results from random urine samples may be problematic and measurement of excretion over 24 h is sometimes preferable. Recent reference data are sparse. Methods: Twenty-four-hour urine samples from 111 healthy adults from the renal stones clinic in Southampton, UK, were analysed for 31 trace elements using ICP-MS and for zinc using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Non-parametric 0.95 coverage intervals were determined for trace element excretion per 24 h and as a ratio to creatinine, for the full study cohort and separately for men (n ¼ 77) and women (n ¼ 34). Results: Beryllium was undetectable in 95% of samples, bismuth in 87% and uranium in 75%. In comparison with published ranges, reference intervals for this cohort were higher for molybdenum, tin and vanadium, and for arsenic due to inclusion of fish arsenicals. Aluminium, chromium, iron, lead and mercury were lower. In our cohort, 24-h excretion of 17 elements was significantly higher in men than in women. However, when expressed as trace element to creatinine ratios, the situation reversed strikingly. Because of their lower creatinine excretion, ratios for 18 elements were significantly higher for women. Conclusions: New adult reference intervals were obtained for 24-h urine trace element excretion. Trace element:creatinine ratios must be used cautiously, with separate ranges for men and women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Twenty-four-hour urinary trace element excretion: reference intervals and interpretive issues

et al. 2012

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“…Forty-three papers met the inclusion criteria. Of them 23 were excluded because of lack of data and 20 were suit able for final review: 16 in adults (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) and 4 in children (22)(23)(24)(25) (Figure 1). When results were reported separately for independent groups, they were entered into the tabulation as separate studies (9,13,18,19,22).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight studies included in the review compared 24-h urine Na contents and single spot urine Na (7,9,10,13,15,17,20,21).…”

Section: Studies Comparing 24-h With Spot Sampling In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of studies comparing 24-hour and spot urine collections for estimating population salt intake

Sykes

Paul

et al. 2012

Rev Panam Salud Publica

148

144

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“…The use of spot urine to replace 24 h urine collection has been studied for both Na and K in healthy populations, although most research has focused exclusively on Na (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) . Studies have shown good correlations between Na:creatinine and K:creatinine in spot urine and respective ratios in 24 h urine (12,14,16) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of using spot urine to replace 24 h urine sodium and potassium excretions

Huysduynen

Hulshof

Lee

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The most accurate method to estimate Na and K intakes is to determine 24 h urinary excretions of these minerals. However, collecting 24 h urine is burdensome. Therefore it was studied whether spot urine could be used to replace 24 h urine samples. Design: Participants collected 24 h urine and kept one voiding sample separate. Na, K and creatinine concentrations were analysed in both 24 h and spot urine samples. Also 24 h excretions of Na and K were predicted from spot urine concentrations using the Tanaka and Danish methods. Setting: In 2011 and 2012, urine samples were collected and brought to the study centre at Wageningen University, the Netherlands. Subjects: Women (n 147) aged 19-26 years. Results: According to p-aminobenzoic acid excretions, 127 urine collections were complete. Correlations of Na:creatinine, K:creatinine and Na:K between spot urine and 24 h urine were 0·68, 0·57 and 0·64, respectively. Mean 24 h Na excretion predicted with the Tanaka method was higher (difference 21·2 mmol/d, P < 0·001) than the measured excretion of 131·6 mmol/d and mean 24 h Na excretion predicted with the Danish method was similar (difference 3·2 mmol/d, P = 0·417) to the measured excretion. The mean 24 h K excretion predicted with the Tanaka method was higher (difference 13·6 mmol/d, P < 0·001) than the measured excretion of 66·8 mmol/d. Bland-Altman plots showed large individual differences between predicted and measured 24 h Na and K excretions. Conclusions: The ratios of Na:creatinine and K:creatinine in spot urine were reasonably well associated with their respective ratios in 24 h urine and appear to predict mean 24 h Na excretion of these young, Caucasian women.

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Comparison of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, zinc, and creatinine concentration in 24-h and spot urine samples in women

Abstract: Although replacing burdensome 24-h urine collection with spot urine sampling might not provide the solution in all cases, our results show that for the elements analyzed, spot urine could be a reliable alternative.

Cited by 33 publications

References 28 publications

Twenty-four-hour urinary trace element excretion: reference intervals and interpretive issues

Twenty-four-hour urinary trace element excretion: reference intervals and interpretive issues

Systematic review of studies comparing 24-hour and spot urine collections for estimating population salt intake

Evaluation of using spot urine to replace 24 h urine sodium and potassium excretions

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