Comparison of catalytic pyrolysis of biomass with MCM-41 and CaO catalysts by using TGA–FTIR analysis

Application, Deactivation, and Regeneration of Heterogeneous Catalysts in Bio-Oil Upgrading

“…The most recent catalysts used for catalytic cracking are listed in Table 3. [37,38,49,55,69,70]. Among these catalysts, HZSM-5 is most effective due to its high activity, strong acidity, and shape selectivity [49,56,71].…”

Biomass catalytic pyrolysis to produce olefins and aromatics with a physically mixed catalyst

“…(Adam et al, 2006(Adam et al, , 2005Antonakou et al, 2006;Ates and Isikdag, 2009;Bertero and Sedran, 2013) and macroporous catalysts (CaO, MgO, etc.) (Lu et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2010). The comparison of catalytic characteristics between these catalysts has been well reviewed by some researchers (Aho et al, 2010;Lappas et al, 2012;Park et al, 2011;Stöcker, 2008).…”

Catalytic pyrolysis of palm kernel shell waste in a fluidized bed

“…However, the catalytic pyrolysis of oil seed wastes, especially palm shell, is relatively sparse. Many types of catalysts have been studied for catalytic pyrolysis of various biomasses during the last two decades, including microporous catalysts such as zsm-5 and USY (Carlson et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2009a;Cerny et al, 2013), mesoporous catalysts such as MCM-22, FCC and gamma alumina (Adam et al, 2006;Corma et al, 2007;Jae et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2009b), and macroporous catalysts such as CaO (Wang et al, 2010). In general, the studies showed that the addition of zeolites into the pyrolysis reactor could increase the formation of aromatics.…”