Comparison of cell proliferation in the centre and advancing fronts of oral squamous cell carcinomas using Ki‐67 index

Abstract

The cell proliferation status of 60 oral squamous cell carcinomas from Sri Lankan subjects was examined by immunohistochemistry using the Ki-67 index. A comparison was made between the indices derived from the centre of the tumours and those derived from the invasive fronts of the same tumours. There was a positive correlation between the two indices suggesting a clonal expansion of malignant cells, but the mean index derived for the invasive fronts (29.75 11.64) was significantly higher than the mean index for the body of these tumours (25.65 11.64). Thus, at a given time, more peripheral cells at the invasive front are proliferating and this compartment is likely to be more informative in prognostic and other behavioural studies involving the cell cycle. In squamous carcinomas, increased and uncontrolled cell proliferation at the invasive front may be one feature contributory to the invasion.

The invasive front in endometrial carcinoma: higher proliferation and associated derailment of cell cycle regulators

“…Higher proliferation in the front has been found in oral squamous cell carcinomas [36]. However, these results are in conflict with results in colorectal and gastric cancers [23,24,26,37] where proliferative activity was significantly higher at the luminal border compared with the invasive margin [24].…”

Global analysis of host tissue gene expression in the invasive front of colorectal liver metastases

“…On the one hand, this fits in with the observed differences in the cellular composition of these 2 areas and particularly our morphologic data, which indicates a decrease of hepatocytes and an increase of HSCs in the invasion front. On the other hand, at least cancer cells in the invasion front can be higher 55 as well as lower 56 in proliferation than their counterparts in the inner parts of the tumor, allowing them to concentrate on their specific roles in the process of invasion. This may hold true for some host cells as well but not for others (such as endothelial cells).…”

Divide or Conquer: Cell Cycle Regulation of Invasive Behavior

“…In this scenario, the cell cycle state of metastatic tumor cells would be irrelevant if tumor associated immune cells were to mediate BM invasion of the cancer cells as well as subsequent stromal infiltration. This could also serve as an alternative explanation for the results shown in squamous cell carcinoma [91, 92] and colorectal cancer cell lines [93], where CAFs have been shown to be critical in facilitating metastasis [96, 97]. For example, in vitro live cell imaging through matrix has shown that SCC cells can either follow directly behind CAFs or utilize tracks made by CAFs during their collective invasion, but are unable to invade without CAF assistance [96].…”

“…In the case of in vivo , or histopathological work, often, population level effects rather than single-cell state changes are assessed. Indeed two studies in oral squamous cell carcinoma indicated that proliferation is linked with increased invasion, based on the Ki-67 index at the invasive fronts of patient biopsies [91, 92]. Similarly, a recent in vivo study using intravital imaging of an HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line, with a FUCCI cell cycle biosensor, showed that that majority of cells infiltrating the stroma were primarily in the S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle [93].…”