Comparison of Chemical Compounds of Essential Oils from Natural Agarwood and Inoculated Agarwood (Roselle-Based Inoculation)

Nasardin, N.R.M.; Hanafiah, Mohd Ariff Mat; Zainon, M.; Ibrahim, Mohamed Dahlan; Rahman, A.I.A.; Baharudin, Zikri Abadi; Husin, Mohd Haizal Mohd; Mahir, I.; Zulkefle, Ahmad Aizan

doi:10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i2.pp677-681

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The spectra in all samples showed peak position at 3000 -2800 cm -1 indicating the presence of C -H bond. The C -H bond (aromatic alkane) has been associated with the sweet fragrance of agarwood (Nasardin et al 2018). The presence of C -C stretching vibrations of aromatic alkanes group was also confirmed at range 1500 -1400 cm -1 .…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 80%

Agarwood formation in Aquilaria beccariana and Aquilaria microcarpa in response to inoculation of newly isolated fungi from Brunei Darussalam

Mohammad

Shivanand²,

Metali³

et al. 2021

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Mohammad YH, Shivanand P, Metali F, Taha H, Matussin NBA, Abdul-Halim AMA, Mohaimin AZ. 2021. Agarwood formation in Aquilaria beccariana and Aquilaria microcarpa in response to inoculation of newly isolated fungi from Brunei Darussalam. Biodiversitas 22: 4131-4138. Aquilaria is an important agarwood-producing tree, but naturally occurring agarwood is rare. Artificial induction method is the most commonly used to produce agarwood in a short time. Out of the 21 species of Aquilaria, Brunei Darussalam houses two species that produce high quality agarwood, namely Aquilaria beccariana and A. microcarpa. The aims of this study are to artificially induce agarwood formation using eight different induction treatments: six fungal inoculant treatments with two control treatments, and to isolate and identify fungal strains from naturally infected agarwood tree using DNA barcoding. Agarwood formation was observed at four different time intervals i.e. 1, 3, 6 and 9 months of post-inoculation. Results exhibited that the area and the total length of discoloration zone were significantly greater at 6 and 9 months of incubation period. Induction treatment did not significantly affect the area and the total length of discoloration. FTIR analysis revealed that two aromatic compounds (C – H and C – C stretching) were detected at the wavelength ranges of 3000 – 2800 cm-1, and 1500 – 1400 cm-1 respectively, and OH group was detected at 3600 – 3400 cm-1. Nine fungal strains from Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor and Trichosporon were isolated and identified from a naturally infected agarwood, and the last two fungi (Mucor and Trichosporon) were never been previously reported.

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Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 80%

Agarwood formation in Aquilaria beccariana and Aquilaria microcarpa in response to inoculation of newly isolated fungi from Brunei Darussalam

Mohammad

Shivanand²,

Metali³

et al. 2021

Biodiversitas

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“…The band at 1226 cm -1 and 891 cm -1 assigned to the presence of C-O stretching and C-C stretching, respectively (Horikawa et al 2019). According to the spectra in Figure 2, the presence of C-O bond (aromatic alkane), stretching (ether), C-C stretching (aromatic alkane), and C-H bond (aromatic ring) related to sweet to pleasant fragrance of agarwood (Nasardin et al 2018). In addition, the differences in intensity were founded on lignin, hemicellulose, and C-H bending vibration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Spectral observation of agarwood by infrared spectroscopy: The differences of infected and normal Aquilaria microcarpa

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Adi DS, Hwang SW, Pramasari DA, Amin Y, Widyaningrum BA, Darmawan T, Septiana E, Dwianto W, Sugiyama J. 2020. Spectral observation of agarwood by infrared spectroscopy: The differences of infected and normal Aquilaria microcarpa. Biodiversitas 21: 2893-2899. This study was conducted to evaluate and to determine the potential spectral band assignments that influenced the differentiation of normal and infected agarwood of Aquilaria microcarpa using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTNIR). The results showed that the differences in band intensity on FTIR were identified as C=O stretching (lignin), COO-stretching (hemicellulose), aromatic skeletal vibration (lignin), and C-H bending vibration. The increasing absorbances of infected agarwood were supposed as the change on the wood tissues due to the releasing resinous compound. The C-O bond (aromatic alkane) and stretching (ether), C-C stretching (aromatic alkane), and C-H bond (aromatic ring) which related to the scented fragrance of agarwood have appeared on the FTIR spectra. Multivariate analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the second derivative NIR spectra at the wavenumber 8,000-4,000 cm-1 showed that normal and infected agarwood was successful to be separated. Discriminant model one-on-one classification exhibited good performances as the R2 performance (R2P) values was 0.99. There were eight major wood components which contributed to the separation based on NIR spectra, where lignin, hemicellulose, and xylans were the most valuable chemical compound.

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“…Rendemen hasil penyulingan minyak gaharu meningkat setelah pretreatment dengan microwave dan semakin lama proses perendaman. Proses distilasi di lapangan biasanya berlangsung satu hari sampai 5 hari untuk memperoleh rendemen yang tinggi (Nasardin et al, 2018). Penelitian ini mencoba menggabungkan proses perendaman (Nurhaslina et al, 2018) dan microwave pretreatment (Radzi & Kasim, 2020) agar proses penyulingan tidak perlu berhari-hari, namun rendemen yang dihasilkan dapat optimal.…”

Section: Rendemen Dan Karakterisasi Minyak Atsiri Gaharuunclassified

Pengaruh Pretreatment Microwave Terhadap Rendemen dan Profil Kimiawi Minyak Gaharu Aquilaria Sp.

Defiza,

Az Zahra,

Supandi

et al. 2023

Higea

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Minyak gaharu salah satu produk hasil penyulingan dari resin gaharu yang selain aromanya yang unik dan memiliki aktivitas biologis. Oleh karena tingginya minat serta kelangkaan sumber-sumbernya secara alamiah, peneliti berusaha menemukan cara agar proses penyulingannya lebih efisien tanpa mengorbankan kualitas. Pada penelitian ini serbuk resin gaharu diberikan pretreatmen sebelum disuling dengan menggunakan microwave dengan daya 180 Watt selama 3 x 3 menit. Selanjutnya serbuk resin tersebut direndam masing-masing 1, 2, 3, dan 4 minggu sebelum dilakukan hidrodistilasi selama 15 jam. Minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan selanjutnya dianalisa menggunakan GCMS, sedangkan aromanya diuji hedonis untuk mengetahui perlakuan mana yang paling disukai responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan rendemen minyak atsiri setelah pretreatment. Ada senyawa yang konsisten muncul pada semua perlakuan termasuk kontrol seperti benzylacetone, β-selinene, alloaromadendrene, n-hexadecanoic acid, β-guaiene, dan agarospirol, sedangkan senyawa yang muncul setelah diberikan perlakuan microwave di antaranya adalah di antaranya adalah γ-gurjunene, valerenol, valencene, dibenzylacetone, α-selinene, α-guaiene, beta elemene, γ-muurolene, isocaryophyllene, ocimene, valerenal, cadinene dan dimetil octatriene. Adapun di antara senyawa di atas, yang baru muncul setelah mengalami perendaman adalah valerenal, dibenzylacetone, isocaryophyllene, ocimene, α-guaiene, β-elemene, dan γ-muurolene. Praperlakuan dengan menggunakan microwave dengan daya 180W dan perendaman sampai 2 minggu dapat meningkatkan jumlah rendemen dan keanekaragaman komponen minyak gaharu atsiri. Uji hedonik menunjukkan responden aroma minyak atsiri setelah pretreatment tidak merusak kualitas minyak gaharu.

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Comparison of Chemical Compounds of Essential Oils from Natural Agarwood and Inoculated Agarwood (Roselle-Based Inoculation)

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Agarwood formation in Aquilaria beccariana and Aquilaria microcarpa in response to inoculation of newly isolated fungi from Brunei Darussalam

Agarwood formation in Aquilaria beccariana and Aquilaria microcarpa in response to inoculation of newly isolated fungi from Brunei Darussalam

Spectral observation of agarwood by infrared spectroscopy: The differences of infected and normal Aquilaria microcarpa

Pengaruh Pretreatment Microwave Terhadap Rendemen dan Profil Kimiawi Minyak Gaharu Aquilaria Sp.

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