Comparison of clinical and sociodemographic features of bipolar disorder patients with those of social anxiety disorder patients comorbid with bipolar disorder in Turkey

Abstract

Objectives:To assess the impact of social anxiety disorder (SAD) comorbidity on the clinical features, illness severity, and response to mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder (BD) patients.Methods:This retrospective study included bipolar patients that were treated at the Department of Psychiatry, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey in 2015, and who provided their informed consents for participation in this study. The study was conducted by assessing patient files retrospectively. Two hundred bipolar patients were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition axis-I (SCID-I) in order to detect all possible comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. The sample was split according to the presence of SAD comorbidity and the groups were compared.Results:The SAD comorbidity was detected in 17.5% (35/200) of the BD patients. The SAD comorbid bipolar patients were more educated, had earlier onset of BD, lower number of manic episodes, and more severe episodes. There was no difference between groups in terms of total number of episodes, hospitalization, suicidality, being psychotic, treatment response to lithium and anticonvulsants.Conclusion:Social anxiety disorder comorbidity may be associated with more severe episodes and early onset of BD. However, SAD comorbidity may not be related to treatment response in bipolar patients.

Prevalence of Social Phobia among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia

“…Savari found a significant negative correlation between social competence and social phobia [7]. Social phobia also was found to be associated with mood disorders [8], bipolar disorder [9] and social isolation [10]. The risk of developing a major depressive disorder can be increased by social phobia [4].…”

The prevalence of social phobia among students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, and its relation with personality traits in 2013

“…Bayani reported that students with higher levels of social phobia have poor problemsolving ability and greater depression (20). It has also been shown that social phobia is correlated with adjustment problems (21), intolerance of ambiguities (22), mood disorders (23), increase in cigarette and marijuana use (24), social isolation (25), QOL (26), avoidant personality (27,28), and bipolar disorder (29). Personality and psychopathology are two categories of the field of psychology, which have gained the interest of many researchers.…”

Lifetime and point prevalence of psychotic symptoms in adults with bipolar disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…There were 54 studies ( n = 23 461) reporting data on the lifetime prevalence of psychotic symptoms in BD, for an overview of included studies see online Supplementary Material 4: Studies included in the meta-analyses of the lifetime prevalence of psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorders (Aedo et al, 2018; Altindag, Yanik, & Nebioglu, 2006; Atagun et al, 2018; Balzafiore et al, 2017; Berkol, Kirli, Islam, Pinarbasi, & Ozyildirim, 2016; Bolhuis et al, 2021; Burton et al, 2018; Cao et al, 2014; Davila et al, 2006; Dell'Osso et al, 2010, 2015; Ekman et al, 2017; Ernst & Goldberg, 2004; Finseth, Morken, Andreassen, Malt, & Vaaler, 2012; Fuentes, Rizo-Mendez, & Jarne-Esparcia, 2016; Gesi et al, 2016; Goldberg et al, 1999; Gonzalez-Pinto et al, 2011; Grande et al, 2017; Grigoroiu-Serbanescu et al, 2010; Jamra et al, 2010; Javadapour et al, 2010; Karakus & Tamam, 2011; Kent et al, 2020; Kirov & Murray, 1999; Knorr et al, 2021; Laidi et al, 2015; Lee & Kim, 2011; Mantere et al, 2004; Miller et al, 2018; Moon et al, 2012; Nardi et al, 2008; Neves, Malloy-Diniz, Barbosa, Brasil, & Correa, 2009; Newport et al, 2012; Ong et al, 2012; Ortiz et al, 2021; Østergaard, Bertelsen, Nielsen, Mors, & Petrides, 2013; Pacchiarotti et al, 2011; Parker et al, 2013, 2020; Patterson, Sandman, Ring, Jin, & Bunney, 2009; Prabhavathy, Kuruvilla, Ravindren, Ganesh, & Midhun, 2017; Sanchez-Morla et al, 2019; Sarrazin et al, 2018; Savitz et al, 2015; Simonsen et al, 2011; Talati et al, 2013; Tost et al, 2010; Trotti et al, 2020; Tundo et al, 2015; Van Der Werf-Eldering et al, 2011; Van Rheenen et al, 2017; Yazici, Kora, Ucok, Tunali, & Turan, 1999; Yilmaz, Yavuz, Altinbas, Lordoglu, & Kurt, 2015).…”

“…The pooled lifetime prevalence of psychotic symptoms in the 51 included DSM BD studies ( N = 8013) was 57% (95% CI 52–62) (Aedo et al, 2018; Altindag et al, 2006; Atagun et al, 2018; Balzafiore et al, 2017; Berkol et al, 2016; Burton et al, 2018; Cao et al, 2014; Davila et al, 2006; Dell'Osso et al, 2010, 2015; Ekman et al, 2017; Ernst & Goldberg, 2004; Finseth et al, 2012; Fuentes et al, 2016; Gesi et al, 2016; Goldberg et al, 1999; Gonzalez-Pinto et al, 2011; Grande et al, 2017; Grigoroiu-Serbanescu et al, 2010; Jamra et al, 2010; Javadapour et al, 2010; Karakus & Tamam, 2011; Kent et al, 2020; Kirov & Murray, 1999; Laidi et al, 2015; Lee & Kim, 2011; Mantere et al, 2004; Miller et al, 2018; Moon et al, 2012; Nardi et al, 2008; Neves et al, 2009; Newport et al, 2012; Ong et al, 2012; Ortiz et al, 2021; Pacchiarotti et al, 2011; Parker et al, 2013, 2020; Patterson et al, 2009; Prabhavathy et al, 2017; Sanchez-Morla et al, 2019; Sarrazin et al, 2018; Savitz et al, 2015; Simonsen et al, 2011; Talati et al, 2013; Tost et al, 2010; Trotti et al, 2020; Tundo et al, 2015; Van Der Werf-Eldering et al, 2011; Van Rheenen et al, 2017; Yazici et al, 1999; Yilmaz et al, 2015).…”

“…Of these, in 39 studies with at least moderate quality (n = 6921), the pooled prevalence was 56% (95% CI 50-61) (Aedo et al, 2018;Altindag et al, 2006;Balzafiore et al, 2017;Berkol et al, 2016;Burton et al, 2018;Cao et al, 2014;Dell'Osso et al, 2010;Dell'Osso et al, 2015;Ekman et al, 2017;Finseth et al, 2012;Fuentes et al, 2016;Gesi et al, 2016;Goldberg et al, 1999;Gonzalez-Pinto et al, 2011;Grande et al, 2017;Grigoroiu-Serbanescu et al, 2010;Jamra et al, 2010;Karakus & Tamam, 2011;Kirov & Murray, 1999;Laidi et al, 2015;Lee & Kim, 2011;Mantere et al, 2004;Miller et al, 2018;Nardi et al, 2008;Neves et al, 2009;Newport et al, 2012;Ong et al, 2012;Ortiz et al, 2021;Pacchiarotti et al, 2011;Patterson et al, 2009;Prabhavathy et al, 2017;Sanchez-Morla et al, 2019;Sarrazin et al, 2018;Simonsen et al, 2011;Talati et al, Acknowledgements. We thank the funders and co-workers for their invaluable contributions and discussions, especially Hugo Are Pripp, Margrethe Collier Høegh, Adriano Winterton and Elizabeth Ann Barrett.…”