Comparison of clinical findings between dogs with suspected anaphylaxis and dogs with confirmed sepsis

Walters, A. M.; O'Brien, Mauria; Selmic, Laura E.; McMichael, Maureen

doi:10.2460/javma.251.6.681

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The clinical constellation of signs, history, signalment, physical examination, laboratory and imaging findings must all be considered to increase the probability of an accurate diagnosis of AX. As recently described, septic peritonitis and AX patients may present with similar clinical signs, laboratory values, and imaging findings 24 . In canine hemoperitoneum, however, challenges arise in differentiating whether the cause of hemorrhage is from a bleeding mass or related to a coagulopathy, with the former scenario requiring surgical intervention and the latter being potentially fatal if surgical intervention is attempted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Anaphylaxis‐related hemoperitoneum in 11 dogs

Hnatusko¹,

Gicking²,

Lisciandro³

2020

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective To describe the unique complication of hemoperitoneum associated with anaphylaxis. Design Retrospective case series from September 2012 to August 2017. Setting Two private emergency and specialty referral hospitals. Animals Eleven client‐owned dogs diagnosed with anaphylaxis and hemoperitoneum upon presentation or referral. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results Inclusion criteria included clinical signs consistent with anaphylaxis (hypotension, tachycardia, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, collapse, with or without the presence of dermal signs) due to witnessed or unwitnessed presumed bee sting, an elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), performance of abdominal FAST (AFAST) examination with an abdominal fluid score, the sonographic presence of gallbladder wall edema, and hemoperitoneum. All dogs (n=11) were managed medically without surgical intervention. 91% (n=10) of dogs survived to discharge. Conclusions Hemoperitoneum development can be seen with anaphylactic reactions, though the exact mechanism remains to be fully understood. Medical therapy is warranted and can be successful in these patients; surgery is not indicated to address hemoperitoneum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Anaphylaxis‐related hemoperitoneum in 11 dogs

Hnatusko¹,

Gicking²,

Lisciandro³

2020

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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“…with reported survival rates ranging from 32% (10) to 60% (12) to 70% (3,11,13) to 80% (8). Differentiation between early or subtle septic versus nonseptic systemic inflammatory conditions can be challenging; in addition to fulfilling SIRS criteria, both septic and nonseptic critically ill dogs are frequently found to be hypotensive, coagulopathic, and with altered mentation (10). The more recent definition of sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, is gaining acceptance, but its use is not yet widespread in veterinary medicine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Agreement between Parallel Canine Blood and Urine Cultures: Is Urine Culture the Poor Man's Blood Culture?

et al. 2018

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Bloodstream infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill dogs, but due to cost and difficulties in sample acquisition, blood cultures are infrequently obtained. In ill dogs, urine cultures may be recommended as surrogates for blood cultures. In order to determine the outcome agreement between parallel urine and blood cultures, we retrospectively analyzed parallel blood and urine specimens submitted for culture from dogs at the NC State Veterinary Hospital between 2011 and 2016. Positive cultures were reported from 15% of the submitted blood specimens and 23% of the submitted urine specimens. A total of 295 urine and blood samples were submitted in parallel, with positive growth demonstrated in 14 concordant and five discordant pairs. A kappa statistic comparing blood and urine culture outcomes was 0.266 (fair) when all parallel growth was included, including concordant and discordant results, and 0.170 (poor) when restricted to parallel concordant growth. The sensitivity of urine to reflect concordant bloodstream bacterial organisms was 30%, with a specificity of 87%. The positive and negative predictive values were 30% and 88%, respectively. Of dogs with both specimens positive on bacterial culture, 7 of 7 (100%) with suspected urogenital infection sources were concordant. All dogs with discordant bloodstream and urinary infections were immunosuppressed. Urinary coagulase-positive isolates were most likely to be concordant with bloodstream infections. In conclusion, we found that urine culture is neither a substitute nor a screen for blood culture. Blood cultures should be performed in any potentially septic animal, especially those that are considered immunosuppressed.

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“…It is likely that the current veterinary definitions will be ultimately reconsidered because there is no consensus in veterinary medicine (SHARP, 2019); however, other authors do not know whether Sepsis-3 applies to veterinary medicine (LETENDRE; GOGGS, 2018). Therefore, the criteria chosen in this study was defined by Hauptman et al (1997) and is still used by researchers for defining sepsis in dogs (WALTERS et al, 2017;HARDY et al, 2018;LETENDRE;GOGGS, 2018;SILVEIRA et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and hematological prognostic factors in dogs with parvoviral enteritis and sepsis

Alves

Barbosa

Coelho

et al. 2019

SCA

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Parvoviral enteritis is a common viral infection in dogs and is associated with many clinical and hematological changes. Bacterial translocation is a common complication and may result in sepsis. The objective of this study is to determine the presence of clinical and hematological factors associated with the risk of death in puppies with naturally occurring parvoviral enteritis and sepsis. Twenty-four dogs with parvoviral enteritis confirmed by chromatographic immunoassay during the clinical routine of a university veterinary hospital were selected. At admission and every 24 hours until the third day of hospitalization or until death, venous blood samples were collected for complete blood count, renal and hepatic biochemistry, and lactate and magnesium measurement; arterial blood samples were collected for gas analysis. Sodium, potassium, and ionized calcium were also analyzed, and a complete physical examination was performed. The factors associated with mortality were evaluated by Cox univariate analysis at a level of significance of 5%. The increase in urea and heart rate was associated with an increase in the risk of death. In contrast, an increase in total leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, partial pressure of oxygen, base deficit, bicarbonate ion, and oxygen saturation were associated with a reduction in the risk of death.

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Comparison of clinical findings between dogs with suspected anaphylaxis and dogs with confirmed sepsis

Cited by 30 publications

References 37 publications

Anaphylaxis‐related hemoperitoneum in 11 dogs

Anaphylaxis‐related hemoperitoneum in 11 dogs

Agreement between Parallel Canine Blood and Urine Cultures: Is Urine Culture the Poor Man's Blood Culture?

Clinical and hematological prognostic factors in dogs with parvoviral enteritis and sepsis

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